Module 1 Flashcards
When did forensic psychology become more common?
Late 19th century
Where did forensic psychology begin to come forth?
US and Europe
Who first studied the eyewitness testimony?
James Cattell
Who showed that the testimony provided by children was highly susceptible to suggestive questioning techniques?
Alfred Binet
Who can the “reality experiment” that is now commonly used by eyewitness researchers to study eyewitness recall and recognition be attributed to?
William Stern
Who wrote a book that helped pave the way for psychology in the legal system?
Hugo Munsterberg
Which psychologist was greatly criticized for his opinions on certain crime cases?
Hugo Munsterberg
Who proposed that crime is largely a product of an individual’s body build, or somatotype, which is assumed to be linked to an individual’s temperament?
William Sheldon
Who proposed the constitutional theory?
William Sheldon
What are the biological theories of crime?
Constitutional, chromosomal, theory of lead exposure
What are the sociological theories of crime?
Strain theory, differential association theory, labelling theory
Who said that chromosomal irregularity is linked to criminal behaviour? (Men having 2 Y chromosomes are more aggressive)
Jacobs
Who was one of the first researchers to propose a link between childhood lead exposure (e.g., from paint and gasoline) and criminal behaviour?
Nevin
Who proposed that crime is largely a product of the strain felt by certain individuals in society, typically the lower class, who have restricted access to legitimate means (e.g., education) of achieving valued goals of success? (STRAIN THEORY)
Merton
Who proposed that criminal behaviour is learned through social interactions in which people are exposed to values that can be either favourable or unfavourable to violations of the law?
Edwin Sutherland
Who proposed that deviance (e.g., antisocial behaviour) is not inherent to an act but a label attached to an act by society?
Becker
What are the psychological theories of crime?
Biosocial, social learning, general theory
Who believed that some individuals (e.g., extraverts and neurotics) are born with nervous systems that influence their ability to learn from the consequences of their behaviour, especially the negative consequences experienced in childhood as part of the socialization and conscience-building process?
Eysenck
Who suggested that crime is learned in the same way that noncriminal behaviour is learned?
Akers
Who argued that low self-control, internalized early in life, in the presence of criminal opportunities explains an individual’s propensity to commit crimes?
Gottfredson & Hirschi
What field have the most significant contributions been from psychologist in Canada?
Corrections
What is a field of psychology that deals with all aspects of human behaviour as it relates to the law or legal system?
Forensic psychology
What is the difference between laws and values?
Laws - resolve disagreements (reflect values)
Values - standards for decision making (society sets standards on what’s acceptable and what’s not)
According to Heilbrun’s model of conceptualization in forensic psych, what is the research aspect of clinical forensic psychology?
Intervention effectiveness and epidemiology of relevant behavior and disorders
According to Heilbrun’s model of conceptualization in forensic psych, what is an applied aspect of clinical forensic psych?
Forensic assessment, treatment in legal context and integration of science into practice
According to Heilbrun’s model of conceptualization in forensic psych, what is a research aspect of experimental forensic psych?
Memory, perception, child development and group decision making
According to Heilbrun’s model of conceptualization in forensic psych, what is an applied aspect of experimental forensic psych?
Consultation in jury selection, consultation litigation strategy, expert testimony
According to Heilbrun’s model of conceptualization in forensic psych, what is a research aspect of legal forensic psych?
Mental health law, legal movements