Osteoarthritis

Question 1

What is the onset and duration of osteoarthritis?

Answer 1

Chronic progressive

Question 2

What drugs are contraindicated in osteoarthritis?

Answer 2

Steroids

Question 3

Inhibition of which receptors is the mainstay of medical treatment of OA?

Answer 3

Cox-2 (NSAIDs)

Question 4

What are clinical characteristics of OA?

Answer 4

Joint pain/effusion, decreased ROM/limited movement

Question 5

What causes altered joint fluid assoc. w/OA?

Answer 5

Reduced proteoglycan concentration in cartilage, incr. water content, imbalance between synthesis/degradation of matrix macromolecules

Question 6

What causes bone and cartilage changes assoc. w/OA?

Answer 6

Collagen fibril disruption and loss of articular cartilage, sclerosis, osteophytes

Question 7

How can you conservatively treat OA?

Answer 7

Regular, limited exercise, maintain lean BCS

Question 8

How does inhibition of COX-2 help treat OA?

Answer 8

Decreases production of proinflammatory prostaglandins (prevents stimulation of nociceptors)

Question 9

Which receptor is responsible for prostaglandins assoc. w/pain and inflammation?

Answer 9

Cox-2

Question 10

What is the greatest concern regarding medical treatment of OA with NSAIDs?

Answer 10

GI toxicity d/t decr. protective

Question 11

What can chronic NSAID use lead to?

Answer 11

Perforating GI ulceration, renal issues

Question 12

How can corticosteroids positively affect an OA joint?

Answer 12

Inhibit IL-1 and TNF-a

Question 13

How can corticosteroids negatively affect an OA joint?

Answer 13

Inhibit proteoglycan and collagen synthesis = changes in articular cartilage

Question 14

What is the most commonly used veterinary formulation of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate?

Answer 14

Cosequin

Question 15

Necessary for synthesis of glycosaminoglycans

Answer 15

Glucosamine

Question 16

Mixture of highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans

Answer 16

Adequan

Question 17

How does Adequan affect a joint?

Answer 17

Protective effect on cartilage homeostatis

Question 18

Large linear glycosaminoglycan that acts as a lubricant and shock attenuator

Answer 18

Hyaluronan

Question 19

This anti-inflammatory medication interferes w/O2-derived free radicals, interferes w/chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and inhibits degradative enzymes

Answer 19

Hyaluronan

Question 20

Where in the shoulder is OCD likely to occur?

Answer 20

Caudal aspect of humeral head

Question 21

Where in the elbow is OCD likely to occur?

Answer 21

Medial aspect of humeral condyles

Question 22

Where in the tarsocrural joint is OCD likely to occur?

Answer 22

Trochlear ridge of talus

Question 23

Where in the stifle joint is OCD likely to occur?

Answer 23

Femoral condyle

Question 24

Lameness and pain on extension and flexion of the joint indicate what type of joint disease?

Answer 24

Osteoarthritis

Question 25

How do you medically manage osteoarthritis?

Answer 25

NSAIDs, glucosamine