Nitrogen and Sulfur

Question 1

describe the unreactivity of nitrogen gas

Answer 1

strong triple covalent bond
only react under high temperature
non polar = unreactive

Question 2

describe three reactions/conditions to produce nitric acid

Answer 2

Lightning: N2 + O2 → 2NO (nitrogen II oxide)
Oxidation: 2NO + O2 → 2NO2 (nitogen dioxide)
React with water: 2NO2 + H2O → 2HNO3 (nitric acid)

Question 3

describe ammonia

Answer 3

pyrimidal shape due to one lone pair
lone pair donated to form dative bond (NH4+)
fertiliser compounds NH4Cl, (NH4)2PO4 and (NH4)2SO4
lone pair allows hydrogen bonding

Question 4

what process makes ammonia

Answer 4

haber

Question 5

describe haber process

Answer 5

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

Question 6

conditions for haber process

Answer 6

iron catalyst
60atm
350 temperature

Question 7

ammonium salt + base

Answer 7

→ ammonia gas + water + salt

Question 8

use of ammonia/ammonium compounds (4)

Answer 8

fertiliser
pigments
dyes
nylon

Question 9

environmental problems with CO2 and SO2

Answer 9

enhanced greenhouse effect + global warming

acid rain + damage buildings

Question 10

environmentral problems with nitrogen fertilisers

Answer 10

eutrophication
- bloom of algae
- plants and algae die 
- multiply and less oxygen in water
 whole ecosystem dies

Question 11

what do nitrogen oxides do (3)

Answer 11

cause acid rain
photochemical smog
catalyse co to make co2

Question 12

describe oxidation of sulfur dioxide with nitrogen dioxide

Answer 12

Oxidation: SO2 + NO2 → SO3 + NO

NO + ½ O2 → NO2

Question 13

what do catalytic convertors do

Answer 13

platinum + 2CO + 2NO → 2CO2 + N2

Question 14

how do sulfur trioxides cause acid rain

Answer 14

SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

Question 15

describe contact process

Answer 15

S + O2 → SO2
2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3
SO3 + H2SO4 → 2H2S2O7
H2S2O7 + H2O ⇌ 2H2SO4

Question 16

what are the conditions of contact process

Answer 16

Vanadium oxide (V) V2O5
450 temperature
1 atm