diseases of the blood

Question 1

what are the functions of the blood?

Answer 1

• transport nutrients
• remove waste
• transport host defences to areas when needed

Question 2

what is blood composed of?

Answer 2

45% RBC - oxygen carrying
5% WBC and platelets - defence and repair
55% plasma - transport nutrients and medicines
-also lipids, nutrients and water

Question 3

what are plasmas main proteins?

Answer 3

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

Question 4

what are the WBCs?

Answer 4

monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and neutrophils

Question 5

what is the hematocrit?

Answer 5

ratio of cells to liquid in blood

Question 6

The full blood count includes…

Answer 6

RCC - red cell count
WCC - white cell count
PLT - platelets
HCT - hematocrit
MCV - mean cell volume

Question 7

what is leukopenia?

Answer 7

low WCC

Question 8

what is anaemia?

Answer 8

low haemoglobin

Question 9

what is pancytopenia?

Answer 9

all cells reduced

Question 10

what is thrombocytothemia?

Answer 10

low platelets

Question 11

what is polycythaemia?

Answer 11

raised haemoglobin

Question 12

what is thrombocythemia?

Answer 12

raised platelets

Question 13

low cell counts may lead to…

Answer 13

bone marrow failure

Question 14

high cell counts may lead to…

Answer 14

pre-neoplastic or pre-cancerous

Question 15

neoplastic proliferation of white cells, usually disseminated?

Answer 15

leukaemia

Question 16

neoplastic proliferation of white cells, usually a solid tumour?

Answer 16

lymphoma

Question 17

what are the 2 groups of pluripotent stem cells?

Answer 17

myeloid and lymphoid
(cancer behavior depends on whether derived from myeloid or lymphoid stem cells. T he earlier in cell line malignancy occurs the more aggressive)

Question 18

what cells do myeloid stem cells produce?

Answer 18

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, megakaryoblasts, monocytes, erythrocytes (RBC) and megakaryocytes(platelets)

Question 19

what cells do lymphoid stem cells produce?

Answer 19

NK cells, B cells and T cells

Question 20

what is porphyria?

Answer 20

• rare condition with abnormal haem metabolism affecting 1:10000 population
• 2 main groups, hepatic and erythropoietic porphyria

Question 21

what can trigger porphyria?

Answer 21

many medicines including LA, fatal so must speak to specialist regarding triggers of acute porphyria reaction.

Question 22

What can porphyria cause?

Answer 22

• acute episode
• tachycardia
• photosensitive rash
• hypertension
• neuropsychiatric disturbance in acute attacks (seizures, autonomic disturbance)