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OCR Chemistry A COPY > 2.1 > Flashcards

2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cation

A

When an atom loses electrons and becomes a positive ion

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2
Q

Anion

A

When an atom gains electrons and becomes a negative ion

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3
Q

Why is the mass of a proton/neutron 1u

A

The mass of carbon-12 is exactly 12u (Atomic mass units)

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4
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

Mass of an isotope compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon-12

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5
Q

Relative Atomic mass

A

Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon-12

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6
Q

Ionise

A

Give something a charge (usually knocking off an electron)

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7
Q

Relative formula mass

A

Mass of one formula unit (empirical formula) compared to 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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8
Q

Relative molecular mass

A

Mass of a molecule compared to the mass of carbon-12

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9
Q

Moles

A

What amounts of substances are measured in

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10
Q

Avogadro’s constant

A

6.02*10^23 particles in a mole

Number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12

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11
Q

Molar mass

A

Mass per mole of a substance

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12
Q

What is molar mass measured in

A

gmol -1 (Grams per mole)

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13
Q

Equation for no. of moles

A

Mass (g) / molar mass (gmol -1)

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14
Q

Empirical formula

A

Simplest whole number ration of atoms of an element in a compound

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15
Q

What is 1 mole of gas at RTP equal to

A

24 dm3 mol-1

= 24, 000 cm3

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16
Q

Room temperature

A

25 degrees

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17
Q

Room pressure

A

1 atm/ 101 kPa

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18
Q

Molecular formula

A

The number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule

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19
Q

Dissociation

A

An acid releases a proton/ H+ ion when added to water

Exists as a reversible reaction

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20
Q

Strong acids

A

Completely dissociate
All of their acidic protons are released
HCl —> H+ and Cl-

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21
Q

Weak acids

A

Only partially dissociate in water
Only some of the acidic protons are released

CH3COOH —> H+ and CH3COO-

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22
Q

Are organic acids strong or weak

A

Weak

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23
Q

Alkali

A

A base that dissolves in water forming OH- ions

24
Q

Acid

A

Substances that releases H+ ions when it dissolves in water

25
Q

When is a salt formed

A

When the H+ ions (s) of an acid is/are replaced by a metal cation or ammonium (NH4 +)

26
Q

Base

A

Proton acceptor

27
Q

Types of acids

A

Monobasic - HCl
Dibasic - H2SO4
Tribasic - H3PO4

Different acids have different numbers of acidic protons

28
Q

Acid + metal —>

A

Salt and H2

29
Q

Acid + carbonate —>

A

Salt and CO2 and H2O

30
Q

All nitrates and Group 1 salts are …

A

Soluble

31
Q

Carbonates are …

A

Insoluble

32
Q

Redox rules

A

Atoms in an element always have an oxidation number of 0
In a simple ion, the oxidation number = charge
Adding up all the oxidation no. of the atoms in a compound will give you 0
In a complex (polyatomic) ion adding up all the oxidation numbers of the atoms in the ion will give you the charge

33
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

Oxidation no. increases

34
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons

Oxidation number decreases

35
Q

Reducing agent

A

The species that is oxidised

36
Q

Oxidising agent

A

The species that is reduced

37
Q

Disproportionation

A

When an element is both oxidised and reduced

38
Q

Oxidation number for uncombined elements

A

Zero

39
Q

Special oxidation numbers

A

Hydrogen is usually +1 except in metal hydrides (AlH3, -1)
Fluorine is always -1. Other halogens can be -1, +1, +3, +5 or +7
O in peroxides = -1
O bonded to F = +2

40
Q

Molar gas volume

A

The volume per mole of gas molecules at a standard temperature and pressure

41
Q

Anhydrous

A

Containing no water molecules

42
Q

Water of crystallisation

A

Water molecules that are bonded into a crystalline structure of a compound

43
Q

Atom economy

A

Sum of molar masses of desired products/sum of molar masses of all products

44
Q

Percentage yield

A

Actual mass/theoretical mass * 100

45
Q

Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties

A

Same electronic configuration

46
Q

Equation for volume of gas

A

24 * n = V dm^3

47
Q

Units for concentration

A

Mol dm-3 or g dm-3

48
Q

Units for energy

A

J

49
Q

Units for enthalpy

A

KJ mol-1

50
Q

Units for mass

A

g

51
Q

Units for rate of reaction

A

Mol dm-3 s-1

52
Q

Units for volume

A

Cm3 or dm3

53
Q

PV = nRT

A

P in Pa
V in m^3
T in Kelvin

54
Q

Assumption w water of crystallisation calculation

A

All the water has been lost - heat repeatedly until mass no longer changes
No further decomposition of the salt - diff to judge if no colour change

55
Q

Dissociation in H2SO4

A

H2SO4 –> H+ + HSO4-
HSO4- H+ + SO4 2-

Sim dissociation for H3PO4

OCR Chemistry A COPY (16 decks)

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