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biomedical biochemistry > metabolism, energy balance and nutrients > Flashcards

metabolism, energy balance and nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

what is energy measured in?

A

kcal or kJ

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2
Q

how many kJ are in 1 kcal?

A

4.2

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3
Q

what is the definition of one calorie?

A

the amount of energy needed to raise one litre of water by one degree celsius

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4
Q

what is the estimated average energy requirement per day?

A

around 2600 kcals per day for men

around 2000 kcals per day for women

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5
Q

what is energy exenditure?

A

the sum of BMR + TEF + energy used in physical activity

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6
Q

what is TEF?

A

energy required to digest and absorb food

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7
Q

what is BMR?

A

basal metabolic rate

minimum energy that an awake resting body needs to maintain itself

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8
Q

what is thermogenesis?

A

generation of heat

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9
Q

which area of the brain controls appetite?

A

the hypothalamus

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10
Q

what are the main hormones involved in appetite control?

A

leptin and insulin

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11
Q

what is BMI?

A

body mass index

ratio of weight and height

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12
Q

what BMI is associated with the lowest risk of illness/disease?

A

18.5-24.9

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13
Q

what is kwashiorkor caused by?

A

protein malnutrition

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14
Q

what is marasmus caused by?

A

total malnutrition

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15
Q

what are the essential macronutrients?

A

carbohydrates
fat
protein

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16
Q

what are the essential micronutrients?

A

vitamins

minerals

17
Q

what happens to excess fat from our diet?

A

stored as triacylglycerides in adipose tissue

18
Q

what happens to excess carbohydrates from our diet?

A

converted to glycogen and triacylglycerides

19
Q

what is the glycaemic index?

A

measure of how quickly blood glucose levels rise after eating certain food

20
Q

why do we need fibre in our diet?

A

aids movement in along the GI tract by aiding peristalsis and reduces transit time
lowers blood cholesterol
lowers risk of colon cancer

biomedical biochemistry (7 decks)

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