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DISPENSING > paediatric dispensing > Flashcards

paediatric dispensing Flashcards

1
Q

why is it important to effectively communicate?

A
  • effective communication will make the patient and carer feel at ease
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2
Q

how to effectively communicate ?

A
  • explain the procedure beforehand
  • talk directly to the patient
  • use toys to keep the child engaged
  • explain condition - explain solution - answer question
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3
Q

what are things to consider with children ?

A
  • child may be tired/bored after the test
  • don’t make child wait
  • conduct necessary first
  • help with frame choice
  • second visit
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4
Q

how to communicate with children under the age if one ?

A
  • communicate verbally and non verbally
  • verbal- coos, gurgles and grunts
  • non-verbal- facial expressions, crying, body movement
  • respond to sing-song voice and exaggerated facial expressions
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5
Q

how to communicate with 12-36 months ?

A
  • communicate verbal and non-verbal
  • verbal - one or two sentences
  • non-verbal - gestures and grunts, positive and negative emotional expressions
  • explanations should be in short sentences, in the order that actions occur
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6
Q

how to communicate with three to six years?

A
  • begin to use sentences

- can ask about past experiences

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7
Q

what are some problems you may experience with children ?

A
  • may not want this strange device on their head
  • don’t understand tat with spectacles they can see
  • want to know what spectacles taste like
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8
Q

how to communicate with 6 to 12 years?

A
  • ask more questions and wants more information
  • discuss strategies and solutions
  • explain the reasons why we do something
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9
Q

how to communicate with 12 to 18 years?

A
  • interested in self and relationships
  • conscious of what others think of them
  • be sensitive and avoid impatience or diagreement
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10
Q

what are things to be aware with older children and how to solve them ?

A
  • bullying of spectacle wearers- talk to px
  • peer/family pressure- reassure them about appearance
  • body image issues- reinforce benefits of wearing spectacles
  • awareness of visual disadvantage- take your time
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11
Q

what are some of the reasons that require children to wear glasses ?

A 
. visual development 
. refractive error
. strabismus
. amblyopia
. accommodative dysfunction
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12
Q

what is the VA required for each age ?

A
  • birth to 3/12 months - VA= 6/300-6/60
  • 6 to 12 monts - VA= 6/36-6/18
  • 1 to 2 years - VA= 6/18-6/9
  • 3 years - VA = 6/9-6/6
  • 5 years - VA = 6/6-6/5
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13
Q

what to consider when picking lenses?

A
  • safety
  • vision
  • cost
  • weight
  • blank size
  • thickness
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14
Q

what are things to consider for lens materials for children ?

A
  • hard coating- always recommended - comes as standard with cR39- increases durability of lens
  • anti-reflection coating- less often dispensed to children as they may not realise their potential benefits- don’t sit in front computer for long time
  • more suitable for teenagers
  • UV coating
  • tint- can be useful for children when they go on holiday
  • photochromic- not very suitable for children under 16
  • polarised- not very suitable for children under 16
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15
Q

why is important pre calculating the minimum size uncut and using minimal material required should be utilised where possible for plus lenses?

A
  • pre calculating the minimum size uncut and using minimal material required should be utilised where possible for plus lenses
  • this can make difference for small frame sizes
  • a standard positive uncut lens for adult will be thick and uncomfortable for children
  • consider smaller blank size
  • ask lab to work to knife-edge as this creates a smaller blank based on the frame size and create superior finish lens
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16
Q

how to take children lens measurements ?

A
  • keep the child’s attention
  • be at eye level
  • keep their attention
  • praise them
17
Q

how to measure PD for children ?

A
  • pupil centre to pupil centre
  • inner limbus to outer limbus
  • inner canthus to outer canthus
18
Q

how to measure sleeping baby ?

A
  • estimate centre of corneal bulge to the centre of corneal bulge
19
Q

what happens when your PD is wider than px?

A
  • you will read wide by 1/16th mm for every mm your Pd is wider than your PX
  • if your PD is 64 and px PD is 56 you will overestimate by 0.5mm
20
Q

how to measure PD for patients with strabismus ?

A
  • px with strabismus their eye may not be looking ahead - may be turning in or out
  • depending on the vision they have in their eye which has the strabismus we may need to make the eye which is not straight focused straight
  • we can cover their good eye - the eye with worse vision will turn from its natural position to a forward facing position
21
Q

what are things to consider with frame selection ?

A
  • frame fit is very important- if frame does not fit can the correct adjustments be made
  • narrow down the selection by size
  • discuss with the patient and the carer
  • stock up to date brands
  • try and let the child have the final choice and allow them to try on
22
Q

what things to consider for frames for babies ?

A
  • soft plastic ( nylon )
  • lenses should be flatter
  • flexible
  • moulded
  • no hinges
23
Q

what are some suppliers for children frames ?

A
  • tomato frames- extendable sides
  • zoobug-
  • centrostyle active soft
  • norville
24
Q

what are some feature of specialist frames for children ?

A
  • spring joints- for older children - people more rough with glasses
  • soft on skin/non irritant
  • grip on back/strap
  • adjustable length to bend
  • soft nose pads
  • variant bridge sizes
25
Q

what frame types that are ideal for infants and toddles?

A
  • soft plastic frames ideal for comfort

- metal may be less suitable for comfort and fit, but may allow more adjustments

26
Q

what frame types are ideal for older children ?

A
  • more brittle plastics tend to break

- metal frames more robust and be reshaped when damaged

27
Q

what are curl sides ?

A
  • curl side has a metal curl with silicon covering
  • rest along back of ear
  • cost effective
  • can be fitted onto any metal frame
  • provides good fitting option for younger children
28
Q

what are loop end sides ?

A
  • allows materials to be tied to each loop and to rest at back of head
  • material must be ribbon or cord
  • don’t use plastic
29
Q

what are bridge options for infants and toddlers ?

A
  • bridge should conform to child’s nose
    1. moulded bridge
    2. saddle bridge
    3. strap bridge
  • absorbs impact
  • needs less frequent adjustment
30
Q

what are some bridge options for older children ?

A
  • metal frames allow pads to be changed
  • can still have strap bridge
  • consider spread of weight
31
Q

what other measurements you may take ?

A

. side measurements

  • length to bend
  • downward angle of drop
  • curl side

. bridge measurements

  • splay angle
  • frontal angle
  • bridge projection
32
Q

what must you do when it comes to the fitting of glasses ?

A
  • make sure they fit
  • children often don’t complain
  • are they happy with the appearance of their spectacles
  • make sure that they can see through their glasses
33
Q

what are some sports/safety eyewear ?

A

swimming goggles

ski goggles

34
Q

what are the NHS vouchers available for children ?

A
  • all children under 16 the eye exam is covered by the NHS
  • children 16, 17 or 18 and in full time education will have eye exam covered
  • GOS 3 yellow form which contribute to the help of the price of the glasses
  • amount they get towards the glasses is dependent on the prescription and is set by the NHS
  • spectacles may cost more than voucher value so may need to charge the px extra
35
Q

what is small glasses supplement ?

A
  • spectacles for a child under 7 years of age
  • spectacle frame with boxed centre of no more than 55 mm
  • custom made or stock spectacle frame which require extensive adaptation to ensure an accurate fit
36
Q

what repairs are possible for children under 16?

A
  • possible for children under 16

- GOS 4

DISPENSING (19 decks)

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