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Applied Anatomy - Semester 2 > Cervical spine > Flashcards

Cervical spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebra in C spine? Name them all

A

C1 - C7, C1 = atlas, C2 = Axis

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2
Q

What are the special features of the vertebra in C - spine re: shape, group them + explain

A 
C1 atlas - no spinous processes
C2 axis - has Dens - bone that allows for movement 
C3 - C6 = 'typical vertebra' 
C7 is typical but just longer, C7 is not bifid 
C2-C7 are bifid :
 - short pedicles
 - transverse arch 
 - transverse foramen
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3
Q

What is the joint at C1 / C2? What movements? What classification (type of joint)? Articulating surfaces?

A
  • Atlando - axial joint - synovial ‘pivot joint’
  • 1/3 of of rotation - approx 50 degrees left/right of c-spine at this joint
  • small amount of lateral flexion and extension
  • Comprised of 3 joints: one median atlantoaxial joint and two lateral atlantoaxial joints
  • ART: medial part of atlas articulates with the dens of c2 (axis) and osteoligamentous ring (anterior arch of atlas [C1], transverse ligament of atlas)
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4
Q

Besides C1/C2 joint, what other joints are there in the c-spine?
What type?
Movements?
Differences compared to lumbar?
Features of each / where are they situated??

A
  • Atlando-occipital joint - nodding movements - flex / extend
  • Intervertebral joints - symphesis joints - these move more than in the lumbar - anterior - have a disc
  • Facet joints (zygapophyseal) - synovial plane joints, posterior, has loose capsule - facilitates movement
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5
Q

Ligaments of c spine

Big Al..

A

Big Al (1) is eating an apple (2) while doing a transatlantic (3) sailing trip using longitudinal (4) navigation provided by Flava Flav (5) yeee boi

  • Alar ligament
  • Apical ligament
  • Transverse ligament
    NB: the three above provide stabiltiy to the atalndo-axial jint - they limit excessive movement of the atlas on the axis, ie excessive flexion / extension
  • Anterior / posterior longitudinal ligament [ O: c spine, I = sacrum]
  • Ligamentum flavum - between arches of vertebrae
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6
Q

Vertebral atery runs?

A

Through transverse foramen of c spine

Careful doing pams

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7
Q

Movements at C-spine + muscles used

A

Flexion:

  • longus coli
  • longus capitus
  • sternocleiomastoid

Extension:
- semispinalis capitus / cervius

  • erectus spinae (same as lumbar / thoracic spine)
  • levator scapulae (retreact / elevate scapular)
  • trapezius (retreact / elevate scapular)

Side flexion:
- Scalenes

  • Trapezius (retreact / elevate scapular)
  • Levator scapulae (retreact / elevate scapular)
  • sternocleiomastoid (ipsilateral)

Rotation:

  • semi spinalis
  • splendius
  • sternocleiomastoid (contralateral)
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8
Q

What kind of spine is the cervial spine?

A

lordosis, secondary

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9
Q

what is c1’s function? / what is its name / what are its features?

A

Weight bearing of the skull, atlas

no spinous processes
ant / post arch

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10
Q

atlando-occipital joints: type? , articular surfaces, movements?

A
  • condyloid joints
  • ART: c1 (atlas) and occipdate (skull) and occipital condyles
  • Felxion / extension - ‘nodding movements’
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11
Q

Where is the most mobile part of the spine?

A

cervial

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12
Q

breaking the cervical spine down into two segments, what are they ie name vertebra, what are the movements occuring there + how much?

A

Plus flex / extension above ‘upper part at atlando-occipital joint

upper c spine - c1-c2 1/3 rotation

lower c spine - c3 - c7 2/3 rotation, extension, side flexion

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13
Q

how do you measure ROM in c spine? (3)

A

goniometer, incolmeter, eye ball

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14
Q

Trapizeus - cat A

Morph, O (4) / I (3), actions, fibres?

Octopus on a Trapizeus..
Octopus is..

A

Morph - large trianglular
Upper fibres - down / lat
Middle fibres - horizontal
Lower fibres - superiorially, lat

  • O - occipital proterbance, nuchal line, upper portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7-T12
  • I - lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acrominon process, spine of scapular

Occtopus (1) is protecting (1) a new child (2) watching UP when a ligar noob tubes (3) his spine (4).. then latvian x 3 arrive plying the clave (1) rhythm to try and heal the spine (2) with music from runeScape (2) while doing acro yoga (3)

Actions:

At C-spine: Cervical extension (when both sides contract), cervical side flexion (when one side contracts)

At shoulder girdle: Depression (lower), upward roation, elevation (upper), retraction (mid)

Motor: accessory nerve (CN XI)
Motor/Sensory: ventral rami of spinal nerves C3-C4 (via cervical plexus)

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15
Q

Sternocleomastiod - Cat A (clue for all are in name..+ one more)

Morph, O/I, actions, fibres?

A

Morph: large, thick, strap like muscle

Origin: Manbrium (sterno), medial portion of clavicle (cleo)
I: Mastiod process of temporal bone (Mastoid), superior nuchal line

Actions: contralateral cervical rotation, ipsolateral cervial side flexion, cervial flexion
i.e if left SCM contracts, it flexes the left side and rotates the right side

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16
Q

Levator scapulae - Cat B

O/I/A

A

O: Transverse proces - C1 - C4
I: Superior aspect of medial border of scapular
Actions: C spine extension / side flexion
Scapular elevation, retraction, upward rotation

17
Q

Scalenes

O/I/A

A

located on the side of the neck
O: C2 - C7 transverse process
I: 1st / 2nd rib
Actions: lateral felxion on the side of neck, elevate 1st/ 2nd rib

18
Q

Spinal nerves at c-spine?

A

Nerve roots:

  • Anterior - motor fibres
  • Posterior - sensory fibres

There are 8 nerve pairs from the brachial plexus - this leads on to the peripheral nerves ….

19
Q

[Practical] Observation of the cervical spine - what are you looking for?, how would you do it, where would you stand in relation to pt?

A
  • Muscle bulk
  • Cardinal signs of inflamation: redness, heat, swelling (oedema), pain
  • Scars
    Front on:
  • Eye level
  • Eye level
  • Shoulder level (traps)

Side on:

  • Jutting chin?
  • where would the ear disect shoulders?
  • how exaggerated / not exaggerated is the kyphosis?
  • also have a look at the lordosis in the cervical spine
20
Q

[Practical] Palpation C2-C7

A
  • Find the atlando-ocipital joint
  • Run thumb downwards.. can’t find c1 as there is NO spinous process
  • The next boney thing is C2
  • Thumb width C3 -thumb width C4 - ect.. ect..
  • C6 ‘check’ will disapear on extnesion
  • C7 is very prominent
21
Q

[Practical] Palpate facet joints

A

Just go lateral from the spinous processes

22
Q

[Practical] Movements at cervical spine - what are they / how many degrees of each and how you would measure them?

A

Tape measure / eye ball

Flexion / extension: 130 in total, 100 from neurtral - chin to chest
Extension: 30 from neutral
Side flexion: 45 - distance of ear to shoulder
Rotation: 80-90 (30 (1/3) comes from the atlano-axial joint at C-spine) - chin to shoulder, tape measure

23
Q

[Practical] Do PAMs / PAIVMs - best method?

A

use thumbs to kind of support eachother side by side, ie back of each thumb facing eachother

24
Q

Strength testing of trapezius

➢ put them into action and identify their contraction
➢ test them for strength [ isometric/ dynamic testing

A

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tfVeIhlY-o
- Upper - shoulder shrug with arms slightly abducted (lower contribution of rhomboids / levator scapulae) / or resist head side flexion
- Test general strength, pt in sitting, arms abducted 120 degrees and above head, push on pt’s elbows and ask pt to resist movement (bit of elevation + retraction)
- Middle - prone - pt lat rotate arm resist horiziontal extension (ie similar to retraction) while giving resistance
- Lower - same as above but resist diagonal extension

25
Q

Strength testing of sternocleomastoid

➢ put them into action and identify their contraction
➢ test them for strength [ isometric/ dynamic testing

A

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYcxL-meyZM
- it does flexion, side felxion and rotation

  • resist the nodding of the head forward keeping the chin pointed towards the ceiling
  • resist the side flexion + rotation at the same time

Applied Anatomy - Semester 2 (10 decks)

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