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MerPol > PST > Flashcards

PST Flashcards

1
Q

NDM - 1st Element

A

Gather Information and Intelligence

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2
Q

NDM - 2nd Element

A

Assess Threat and Risk and Develop a Working Strategy

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3
Q

NDM - 3rd Element

A

Consider Powers and Policy

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4
Q

NDM - 4th Element

A

Identify Options and Contingencies

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5
Q

NDM - 5th Element

A

Take Action and Review What Happened

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6
Q

Reasonable Force is based on?

A

A Constables Perception to Threat

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7
Q

What can cause aggression?

A

DiMPC - FRETS

  • Disease / Injury
  • Mental Illness
  • Personality
  • Conditioned / Learned
  • Frustration
  • Response to Threat
  • Environmental - Seasonal, Social (football games)
  • Territory
  • Stresses
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8
Q

What are the 3 priorities in relation to PST?

A
  • Maximise the safety of the public
  • Minimise the injury to officers
  • Minimise the injury to suspects
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9
Q

Code of Ethics encompasses?

A

AR-FOOLISH

  • Accountability - Answerable for your decisions, actions and omissions.
  • Respect - Treat everyone with respect
  • Fairness - Treat people fairly
  • Openess - Open and transparent in actions and decsions
  • Objectivity - Make choices in evidence, best professional judgement
  • Leadership - Lead by good example
  • Integrity - Always do the right thing
  • Selflesssness - Act in the public interest
  • Honesty - Truthful and trustworthy
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10
Q

Standards of Professional Behaviour?

A

CcOACHED-FU

  • Conduct * Confidentiality
  • Orders and Instructions
  • Authority, Respect and Courtesy
  • Challenge and Resport Improper Conduct
  • Honesty and Integrity
  • Equality and Diversity
  • Duties and Responsibilities
  • Fitness for Work
  • Use of Force
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11
Q

When gathering Information and Intelligence what should you ask yourself?

A
  • What is happening?
  • What do I know so far?
  • What further information (or Intel) do I want/need?
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12
Q

Sources of Information & Intelligence?

A
  • Education / Expereience
  • Public
  • Radio
  • 5 senses
  • Analysis
  • Solutions
  • Learning
  • Knowledge
  • Terminals / Prontos
  • Gut Feelings
  • Info
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13
Q

Assess Threat and Risk and Develop a Working Strategy - In relation to personal safety we categorise risk as?

A
  • High

* Unknown

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14
Q

Assessing Threat and Risk - Includes looking at what?

A
  • Profiled Offender Behaviour
  • Impact Factors
  • Officer Response Options
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15
Q

Profiled Offender Behaviour? (TRAFFIC LIGHT)

A 
Green = Compliance - Verbal Resistance
Amber = Passive - Active Resistence
Red = Aggressive - Serious Aggrevated Resistence
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16
Q

POP Impact Factors? POP

A
  • Person
  • Object
  • Place
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17
Q

Describe an Officer’s Response Options?

A

TIPT
Assessing the THREAT, by taking into the account the subjects PROFILED OFFENDER BEHAVIOUR and IMPACT FACTORS will assit the officer in choosing an appropriate TACTICAL OPTION.

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18
Q

Warning Signs Include? LF-BEGS

A
  • Large Movement
  • Facial Colour Darkening
  • Breathing Rate Accelerates
  • Eye Contact, Prolonged
  • Ground Kicking
  • Standing Tall/Head Back
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19
Q

Danger Signs Include? LF-CHESTS

A
  • Lips Tigenten Over Teeth
  • Facial Colour Pales
  • Chin Drops
  • Hands Above Waist - Fist Clenching
  • Eyebrows Lower
  • Stance Changes - Body Lowers
  • Target Acquisition Glances
  • Stops Talking
20
Q

What are the 3 Components of Conflict an Officer must consider?

A
  • Me Vs Myself
  • Me Vs the Suspect
  • Me Vs the Law
21
Q

Officers must address what components of conflict?

A

All 3

  • Me Vs Myself
  • Me Vs the Suspect
  • Me Vs the Law
22
Q

When thinking about the 3 components an officer should ask themselves what about their investment?

A

What training, resources, time and effort am I investing in the components.

23
Q

Powers and Policy? - What powers do we use in relation to force?

A

1) Common Law - Self Defence
2) Section 3, Criminal Law Act 1967
3) Section 117, PACE
4) ECHR

“TO REPEL THE ATTACK”

24
Q

PLANE?

A
  • Proportionate
  • Legal
  • Accountable
  • NECESSARY
  • Ethical
25
Q

Powers and Policy: Common Law - Self Defence Definition?

A
  • Honestly held belief
  • Immediate Danger
  • Defend Self / Others
  • Reasonable
  • NECESSARY

“May Justify a Pre-Emptive Strike”

26
Q

Powers and Policy: Section 3, Criminal Law Act 1967 Definition?

A
  • Prevent Crime
  • Effect/Assist Lawful Arrest
  • Person’s Unlawfully at Large
27
Q

Powers and Policy: Section 117, PACE Definition?

A
  • Where a power is conferred under PACE (LAW)

* A PC/Designated Officer may use reaonable force to exercise the power

28
Q

Powers and Policy? - What powers do we use in relation to force - ECHR Constitutes?

A 
ARTICLES
2 - Right to Life
3 - Torture, Inhumanity, Degrading
5 - Liberty and Security
8 - Private and Family Life
29
Q

Policies and Procedures - Tactical Options?

A

UB-WITCH

  • UDT (Unarmed Defensive Tactics)
  • Baton
  • Withdraw
  • Irritant Spray
  • Taser
  • Communication
  • Handcuffs
30
Q

5 Steps Appeal?

A

1) Simple Appeal
Ask the subject to comply with the officer’s request

2) Reasoned Appeal
Appeal: Explain why the request has been made, what law, if any has been broken, and what conduct has caused the request.

3) Personal Appeal
Appeal: The implication of their action; potential arrest, criminal record, loss of respect in their family, and the potential to affect future employment.

4) Final Appeal
At this stage, subjects may have confirmed their resistance to the officer’s requests. The officer should firmly tell them what is required and use a phrase that means the same as the following example - “Is there anything I can reasonably say or do for you to co-operate with us?”

5) Action
The option that officers choose will be based upon the threat that they perceive. Physical force MAY be the only option left in a case of continued resistance.

31
Q

Assault Cycle?

A

BASELINE BEHAVIOUR

  • Trigger Phase
  • Escalation Phase
  • Crisis Phase
  • Recovery Phase

POST CRISIS DEPRESSION

32
Q

Reasonable Response Options & Contingencies? What are the 6 options?

A

1) Presence
2) Communication (Verbal, NVC, De-escalation/of Crisis
3) Primary Control Skills ( First Level of Physical Defence)
4) Secondary Control Skills (PAVA)
5) Defensive or Offensive Skills
6) Potentially Leathal / Deadly Force

33
Q

Take Action and Review - Action?

A

Action:
RESPOND
* Implement Option
* Does anyone else need to know?

RECORD
* Record what you have done and why?

MONITOR

  • What happenedas a result?
  • Was it what you wanted ot expected?

“USE THE NDM”

34
Q

Take Action and Review - Review?

A

Review:

  • Incident / Your Desicions
  • What lessons can you learn?

“USE THE NDM”

35
Q

Officer Impact Factors include?

A

PINES

  • Officer’s physiology
  • Officer’s perception of the nonverbal behaviour of a subject
  • Officer’s perception of imminent danger
  • Officer’s perception of the level of force
  • Officer being in a position of perceived disadvantage
  • Injury of Officer
  • Number of Officers
  • Exhaustion of Officer
  • Special Knowledge/Experience of Officer
  • Sex, Age, Size of Officer
  • Strength of Officer
  • Skill level of Officer
36
Q

Subject Impact Factors include?

A

PINKS-AM

  • Subject’s physiology
  • Subject’s perception of the nonverbal behaviour of an Officer
  • Subject’s perception of imminent danger
  • Subject being in a position of perceived disadvantage
  • Subject’s perception of the Officer’s level of force
  • Injury of Subject
  • Number of Subjects
  • Special Knowledge/Experience of Subject
  • Sex, Age, Size of Subject
  • Strength of Subject
  • Skill level of Subject
  • Alcohol/Drugs Subject has consumed
  • State of Subjects Mental Health
37
Q

LEAPS stands for?

A
  • LISTEN: Effective Listening, Observation of NVCs, Respond Appropriately
  • EMPATHISE: Show Interest and Understanding
  • ASK: Use Questioning skills; open, closed, probing, and silence.
  • PARAPHRASE: Restating the meaning, using other words
  • SUMMARISE: Be brief and decisive. Use of NDM
38
Q

5 Step Appeal

A
  • SIMPLE Appeal: Ask the subject to comply with the officer’s request
  • REASONED Appeal: Explain why the request has been made, what law, if any has been broken, and what conduct has caused the request.
  • PERSONAL Appeal: The implication of their action; potential arrest, criminal record, loss of respect in their family, and the potential to affect future employment.
  • FINAL Appeal: At this stage, subjects may have confirmed their resistance to the officer’s requests. The officer should firly tell them what is required and use a phrase that means the same as the following example - “Is there anything I can reasonably say or do for you to co-opearete with us?”
    ACTION: The option that officers choose will be based upon the threat that they perceive. Physical force MAY be the only option left in a case of continued resistance.
39
Q

PAVA is covered by what Law and Section?

A 
Section 5(i)(b)
Firearms Act 1968
40
Q

Aerosol irritants may be used as a response option when an officer finds it necessary to………?

A
  • Defend themselves of others
  • Effect an arrest
  • Prevent a commission of an offence
  • When other levels of force have been ineffective or the officer considers other levels of force would be INEFFECTIVE or INAPPROPRIATE in the circumstances.
41
Q

When using force you must be able to……..?

A

JUSTIFY its use as being REASONABLE in the circumstances.

42
Q

What must you do after the Scenario?

A

SEARCH THEM

43
Q

PAVA Deployment….

A
  • 2 short sprays into suspects face.
  • Ideal Range 6-10ft (2x arm lengths)
  • Max Range 8-14Ft
  • Should NOT be used if less than 3ft unless LIFE IS AT RISK
  • Officer must move to establish a good tactical position once the subject is sprayed
44
Q

PAVA Effects……. include?

A
  • Eyes
  • Respiratory System
  • The Skin

Causes extreme discomfort for between 15-30 mins

45
Q

PAVA Aftercare……. include?

A
  • Allow 2-10 Seconds before moving into control
  • Subject may still strikeout
  • Verbally reassure the subject

“At the earliest opportunity ………..”

MerPol (8 decks)

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