end of year vocab

Question 1

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

Answer 1

Pattern: The Present Progressive tense is used to express actions in progress. The Present Progressive tense makes use of two verbs: the verb estar, and the gerund form of the action in progress.

Forming the Gerund
The gerund is sometimes referred to as the present participle. In English, it is the verb form that ends in “-ing.” To form it in Spanish, add the ending -ando to AR verb stems and -iendo to ER and IR verb stems, like this:

        Infinitive Verb             Gerund                        English

        hablar                          hablando                     speaking

        comer                          comiendo                    eating

        vivir                             viviendo                       living

There are only two exceptions to this rule:

1. ER and IR verb stems not ending in a consonant use -yendo rather than -iendo. (including ir)
   examples: constuir - constuyendo, ir - yendo
2. ER and IR stem changing verbs use the e-i and o-u pattern.
   examples: pedir - pidiendo, repetir - repitiendo, morir - muriendo, dormir - durmiendo

Present Progressive

To form the present progressive tense, use the present tense form of the verb estar together with the gerund form like this:

        Yo estoy estudiando español.                          I am studying Spanish.

        Ellos están durmiendo hoy.                            They are sleeping today.

        Tú estás comiendo pan.                                  You are eating bread.