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BAHS 231 > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Amino acids?

A

Organic compounds made in the body which combine to form proteins

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2
Q

Structure of amino acids?

A

Carbon bonded to an amino group, carboxyl group, variable side chain(r group)

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3
Q

The r group is also known as

A

Side chain

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4
Q

What is the simplest amino acid

A

Glycine

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5
Q

What does chiral mean?

A

An object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image

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6
Q

Enantiomers

A

Left and right isomers of chiral molecules

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7
Q

Standard amino acids?

A

Amino acids that are precursors to protein?

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8
Q

Non standard amino acids?

A

Also called nonproteinoginic. Amino acid derivatives found in proteins

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9
Q

Alanine

A

A

Ala

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10
Q

Arginine

A

R

Arg

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11
Q

Asparagine

A

N

Asn

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12
Q

Aspartic acid

A

D

Asp

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13
Q

Examples of non standard amino acids

A

4 hydroxyproline and 5 hydroxylysine in collagen

6 N Methyllysine

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14
Q

In what ways can amino acids be classified

A

Structure of side chain
Polarity of side chain
Nutritional requirements
Metabolic fate

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15
Q

Hydrophilic side chains are found where?

A

Located at the exterior of the protein molecule in contact with aqueous polar environment

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16
Q

Hydrophobic side chain(non polar?

A

Buried in the interior of the protein molecule far from the aqueous environment

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17
Q

Examples of aa with aliphatuc r non polar r group

A 
Glycine
Alanine
Valine
leucine
Isoleucine
Proline
Methionine
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18
Q

Examples of aa with non polar r group aromatic

A

Phenylamine, tyrosine, tryptophan

19
Q

Mnemonic for non polar r groups

A

Gan and pip ventured into my land

20
Q

Polar uncharged groups

A

Sam told Cain no questions

Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, Asparagine, Glutamine

21
Q

Polar positively charged R groups

A

HAL

Histidine Arginine Lysine

22
Q

Polar negatively charged r groups

A

Don’t eat

Aspartate Glutamate

23
Q

Essential amino acids

A

Cannot be synthesized de novo so acquired through food. 9 in number
Mnemonic
Any help in learning these little molecules proves truly valuable
arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, lysine, methionine, phenyanine, threonince, valine

24
Q

What is a ketogenic aa

A

One that can be degraded directly into acetyl coA which is the precursor of ketone bodies.

2 in humans.
L amino acids
Leucine and lysine

25
Q

Glucogenic aa

A

Those which are converted into glucose

14

26
Q

What is a zwitterion

A

A dipolar ion having both a formal positive and negative charge. Neutral charge overall

27
Q

Isolectronicc point

A

Specific ph at which an aa has equal positive and negative charge. No net electric charge

28
Q

Zwitterion also known as

A

Ampholyte

29
Q

Note

A

Pka equals ph if there is equal conc of acid and its conjugate base

30
Q

Pka?

A

Measure of strength of an acid or base

31
Q

Simple chain amino acids

A

Glycine

alanine

32
Q

Braanched chain amino acids

A

Valine leucine isoleucine

33
Q

Hydroxyamino acids

A

Serine

Threonine

34
Q

Sulfur containing aa

A

Cysteine

Methionine

35
Q

Amini acids with amide groups

A

Asparagine

Glutamine

36
Q

Monoamino dicarboxylic acids

A

Aspartic acid

Glutamic acid

37
Q

Dibasic monocarboxylic acids

A

Arginine

Lysine

38
Q

Aromatic amino acids

A

Phenylalanine (benzene group

Tyrosine (phenol group

39
Q

Heterocyclic amino acids

A

Histidine (imidazole group)

Proline (pyrrolidine group)

40
Q

Conditionally essential amino acids

A

Usually not essenti exfept in times of illness and conditions such as prematurity in the jnfacnt or individuals in severe catabolic distress

CGG TOPS
Cysteine glutamine glycine tyrosine ornithine proline serine

41
Q

Partially/semi essential

A

Essential in children but not adults

Histidine and Arginine

42
Q

Non essential

A

Produced by the body

Alanine asparagine aspartic acid glutamic acid

43
Q

Amino acids that are both ketogenic and glucogenic

A

PITTT

phenylalanine isoleucine tryptophan tyrosine threonine

44
Q

What does it mean if pka equals ph

A

Equal concentration of an acid and its conjugate base

BAHS 231 (13 decks)

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