FUNCTIONAL REGIONS OF THE BRAIN

Question 1

describe the difference between a motor cortical lesion and a cerebellar lesion?

Answer 1

motor- contralateral

cerebellar- ipsilateral

Question 2

what effect does a sensory cortical lesion have?

Answer 2

a sensory defect

Question 3

what are primary cortical areas?

Answer 3

Areas that receive information from peripheral receptors with little interpretation of the meaning of the information. These areas are concerned with receiving sensory information or executing motor tasks

Question 4

what makes up the circle of willis?

Answer 4

anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 5

what do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 5

most midline portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes.

Question 6

what do the middle cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 6

a portion of the frontal lobe and the lateral surface of the temporal and parietal lobes, including the primary motor and sensory areas of the face, throat, hand and arm, and in the dominant hemisphere, the areas for speech.

Question 7

what do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 7

the occipital lobe, the inferomedial surface of the temporal lobe, midbrain, thalamus and choroid plexus of the third and lateral ventricles.

Question 8

what happens if we get damage to the anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 8

contralateral limb weakness or paralysis and contralateral sensory deficit with lower limbs being impacted more than upper limbs

Question 9

what happens if we get damage to the middle cerebral artery?

Answer 9

contralateral limb weakness or paralysis and contralateral sensory loss with upper limbs being more affected than lower limbs

Question 10

what happens if we get damage to the posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 10

contralateral problems with vision, can impact the thalamus and internal capsule resulting in contralateral limb weakness and sensory deficits

Question 11

describe the spinocerebellar pathway?

Answer 11

1o neuron from muscle / joint receptors
synapses in dorsal horn with 2o neuron
Ascends ipsilaterally
Enters cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 12

what are the functions of the spinocerebellar pathway?

Answer 12

unconscious proprioception and coordination of movements

Question 13

what are the 3 functional area of the cerebellum?

Answer 13

vestibulocerebellum
spinocerebellum
cerebrocerebellum

Question 14

what are the 4 deep nuclei?

Answer 14

dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigii

Question 15

describe the dentatorubrothalamocortical pathway?

Answer 15

Fibres travel from the dentate nucleus (cerebellum) to the thalamus, while providing collateral branches to the red nucleus. Fibres terminate in the cortex

Question 16

what are the functions of the dentatorubrothalamocortical pathway?

Answer 16

Regulates, coordinates and controls movements by communicating with the motor cortex

Question 17

describe the features of an upper motor neurone lesion?

Answer 17

spastic paresis (increased tone), no atrophy, increased reflexes, no fasciculation, muscle weakness

Question 18

describe the features of a lower motor neurone?

Answer 18

reduced tone, muscle weakness more distally, reflexes diminished, fasciculations, muscle atrophy