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BSC2086 > The Respiratory System - Part 1 > Flashcards

The Respiratory System - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of the respiratory system?

A

gas exchange, pH balance, blood and lymph flow

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2
Q

Describe the upper respiratory tract

A

nose through the larynx and located in the head and neck

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3
Q

Describe the lower respiratory tract

A

trachea through the lungs and located in the thorax

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4
Q

Describe the conducting zone

A
  1. passage for airflow
  2. no gas exchange
  3. nose through terminal bronchioles
  4. thick walls
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5
Q

Describe the respiratory zone

A
  1. gas exchange

2. respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

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6
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavities?

A

warms, cleanses, humidifies air

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the conchae folds

A

creates turbulence of inspired air which then makes contact with mucosa

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8
Q

What do serous glands contain?

A

lysozymes

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9
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary

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10
Q

What is the function of the paransal sinuses?

A

lighten skull, resonate voice, and aid in warming and humidifying inspired air

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11
Q

Name the three parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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12
Q

What is the function of the nasopharynx?

A

passageway for air

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13
Q

What is the function of the oropharynx?

A

passageway for food and air

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14
Q

What is the function of the laryngopharynx?

A

passageway for food and air

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15
Q

Where are the vocal chords located?

A

larynx (voice box)

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16
Q

What three cartilages make up the larynx?

A

epiglottic, thyroid, and cricoid

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17
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

keeps food and drink out of airway and produces sounds

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18
Q

What is the function of the c shape rings of hyaline cartilage?

A

keep airway open and gap in c shape allows esophagus to expand when swallowing food

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19
Q

Define carina

A

angle at bottom of trachea where it forks into main bronchi

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20
Q

List the three layers of the trachea

A

mucosa, submucosa, and adventitia

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21
Q

What is the innermost layer of the trachea?

A

mucosa

22
Q

What is the outermost layer of the trachea?

A

adventitia

23
Q

Which layer of the trachea contains serous glands and mucus glands?

A

submucosa

24
Q

What layer contains the mucociliary escalator?

A

mucosa

25
Q

What is the the function of the mucociliary escalator?

A

moves mucus towards pharynx to be swallowed or coughed out

26
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

conduction of air

27
Q

What is the nickname of the trachea?

A

windpipe

28
Q

What is the function of the bronchial tree?

A

conduction of air

29
Q

Which lung is shorter due to the liver?

A

right lung

30
Q

Which lung is shorter due to the heart?

A

left lung

31
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

32
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

33
Q

What type of tissue is the type I alveolar cells made of?

A

simple squamous epithelium

34
Q

What type of tissue is the type II alveolar cells made of?

A

simple cuboidal

35
Q

What is the function of the alveoli?

A

gas exchange, surfactant secretion, macrophages eat debris and pathogens

36
Q

What is the function of surfactant?

A

surfactant coats inner surface of alveoli to reduce surface tension of alveolar fluid and keeps alveoli from collapsing

37
Q

List the pleural membranes

A

visceral, parietal and pleural cavity

38
Q

What is the function of the pleural membranes?

A

reduction of friction with movement of lungs, prevents infections from spreading from one organ to another

39
Q

What is the function of pulmonary arteries?

A

carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

40
Q

What is the function of pulmonary veins?

A

carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

41
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation lead to?

A

bronchiole constriction

42
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation lead to?

A

bronchiole dilation

43
Q

Where are the heart and lungs located?

A

thoracic cavity

44
Q

What nerve is the diaphragm innervated by?

A

phrenic nerve

45
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

prime mover for inspiration

46
Q

What is the purpose of the nonkeratinzed straitifed squamous epithelium?

A

protection

47
Q

What is the purpose of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia with goblet cells?

A

secrete and move mucus

48
Q

What is the purpose of the simple squamous epithelia?

A

diffusion for gas exchange

49
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

A

keep airway open

50
Q

What is the function of the smooth muscle?

A

change diameter of bronchioles

51
Q

What is the function of elastin?

A

recoil of alveoli after inhalation

BSC2086 (6 decks)

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