Energy Motabolism Flashcards
In well fed state the liver takes its energy from the
Excess amino acids
Which hormones increase in sleeping
Glucagon
Epinephrine
Cortisol
What does the decrease of insulin ,the increase of glucagon and increased of epinephrine at sleeping do
Glucagon stimuli glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis but in less effect
The other hormones
Stimuli adipose to break down and release fatty acids
Stimuli skeleton muscles to release amino acids
The liver use the amino acid as a skeleton carbon for the new glucose and oxidize the fatty acids to use thier energy for the gluconeogenesis
Does the fatty acids make glucose and can we use them as energy
No we cant turn fatty acids to glucose
But we can get of them energy by oxidation and they will release energy + ketone bodies
Why the brain do not use fatty acids as energy source but it use ketone bodies if the starvation
Because the fatty acids can’t pass the BBB
What are the brain energy sources after weeks of starvation
2/3 ketone bodies
1/3 glucose
What are the energy sources of the liver in well-fed state and in starvation
Well fed amino acids and glucose
Starvation fatty acids
What are the energy sources of the resting skeletal muscles in well fed and in starvation
Well fed glucose
Starvation fatty acids + ketones
What are the sources of the energy for the cardiac muscles in the well fed and in the starvation
Well fed fatty acids
Starvation fatty acids + ketone bodies
What is the source of the energy for the RBCs in well fed and in starvation state and why
Well fed glucose
Starvation glucose
Because it doesn’t have mitochondria so no oxidation reactions
What does the insulin stimuli in the liver
Glycogen synthesis
And fatty acids synthesis which converted to triglycerides and released to the blood as (VLDLs)
What provide the carbon skeleton for gluconeogenesis in the liver
Lactate
Amino acids
Glycerol
Which enzyme does the insulin activated in the adipose and what it does
It is lipoprotein lipase
And it break down lipoproteins e.g VLDL
The adipose tissue up take the fatty acids from the proteins and convert it to triglycerides and store it
Which enzyme does the epinephrine activate in the adipose tissue
It activate lipase enzyme that breaks down the triglycerides to fatty acids
How many calories does the Fat Carbohydrates Protein Alcohol glycogen Give
9 kcal/g 4 4 7 4
