19 Decolonisation In Africa & Asia Flashcards
5 reasons for decolonisation
1) Eco impact of war
2) Change international situation
3) powerful nationalists
4) change in priorities in Europe
5) specific problems, problems in Palestine eg
Key term: Insurgent
Displaying armed hostility to an established authority
Key term: EEC
European economic community for free trade
Gold Coast (W) 1946, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1956, 1957
46- Burns constitution, 18 elected African reps compared to British 12 50- Nkrumah gaoled 51- CPP 2/3 votes 52- Nkrumah PM 56- Vote in Togoland for Union 57- full adult suffrage and indepenance
Who was Andrew Cohen and what did he believe about the Gold Coast?
- Head of African department in colonial office
- they were most politically advanced
Nigeria (W) 1946, 51,54,60
- 46, Richards constitution
- 51, Macphersen Constitution, National council of ministers, regions own govs
- 54, 3 British ministers + reps from different regions
- 60, Full Independance
Sierra Leone and Gambia (W)
- 1950s where saw independance as best option
- Independance quicker than planned
2 Key problems in East Africa
- Rapid eco growth, increase pol awareness, increased nationalism
- Kenya, Nairobi pop during WW2 increased by 1/2, anger at overcrowding ext
How Britain viewed East Africa
- could develop for a large dollar earning
Tanganyika Groundnut scheme 1946
- shortage of cooking fats
- idea to earn money and provide jobs
- scheme abandoned in 51, could not cultivate land and cost £49 mil
- provoked nationalism
Dates for Tanganyika+Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya Independance
- T+T 61
- U 62
- K 63
South Africa 1931, 1948, 1960
- 31, Statute of Westminster granted dominion status which lead to racial divisions
- 48, Afrikaner Nationalist party won and implemented apartheid (segregation) which African National Congress opposed
- 60, Sharpeville massacre where 69 killed after demonstrations to Police about segregation laws (pass laws)
Why SA became a republic
- lost relations with British
- long disputes over neighbouring land ownership
Areas used to combat loss of SA
- N Rhodesia, mineral rich
- S Rhodesia, agriculturally rich
- Nyasaland, Eco undeveloped
Events in Rhodesia
- Ian Smith illegally declared S Rhodesia as independent
- British sanctions (refusal of trade) unsuccessful
- Guerrilla Warfare between white and nationalists
- 1969 became republic