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Nephrology > Hematuria > Flashcards

Hematuria Flashcards

1
Q

How do you distinguish between extraglomerular and glomerular hematuria using protein levels in the urine?

A
  • extraglomerular = <500 mg/day

- glomerular = >500 mg/day

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2
Q

The results of the centrifuged urine shows a supernatant red. You perform a dipstick heme and it comes back negative. What are the 4 possible causes of this?

supernatant = means when you spin but the particles do not drop to the bottom.

A
  • Beeturia
  • Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
  • Porphyria
  • Other (Rifampin)
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3
Q

What is the most common cause of hematuria in a patient <40 yo?

A

GU infection

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4
Q

How do you distinguish between extraglomerular and glomerular hematuria using color?

A
  • extraglomerular = red or pink

- glomerular = red, brown, “coca-cola”

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5
Q

If a pregnant patient presents with gross hematuria and without visible clots what imaging study is recommended?

A

-renal and bladder u/s

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6
Q

If you are concerned for a bladder tumor what imaging study should you order?

A

cystoscopy

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7
Q

If a non-pregnant patient presents with gross hematuria and WITHOUT visible clots what imaging study is recommended? (2)

A
  • CTU

- Cystoscopy

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8
Q

What is the imaging test of choice for hematuria?

A

Ultrasound

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9
Q

What is the best test to evaluate for bladder or ureteral cancer?

A

Cystoscopy

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10
Q

If a patient presents with gross hematuria and visible clots what should you do?

A
  • Order a CTU w + w/o contrast

- Refer for urgent urology evaluation

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11
Q

If the patient is over 40 and presents with hematuria what 3 tests do you want to order?

A
  • Cystoscopy
  • IVP
  • Urine cytology
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12
Q

What diagnostic test uses contrast dye and can lead to ATN.

A

IVP

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13
Q

The results of the centrifuged urine shows a supernatant red. What test should you do next?

A

Dipstick heme

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of microscopic hematuria?

A

BPH

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15
Q

The results of the centrifuged urine shows a supernatant red. You perform a dipstick heme and it comes back positive. You look at the plasma color next. What is the diagnosis if it comes back clear vs red?

A
  • clear = myoglobinuria

- red = hemoglobinuria

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16
Q

If a male or child presents with UTI symptoms what should you do?

A

-full urological workup

17
Q

If a patient presents with red or brown urine what is the best lab test to order?

A

centrifuge

18
Q

If you are considering trauma to the kidneys what test do you want to order?

A

CT/CT angio of the kidneys

19
Q

The results of the centrifuged urine shows a supernatant red. You perform a dipstick heme and it comes back positive. What do you do next?

A

Look at the plasma color

20
Q

What are the 2 most common cause of hematuria in a patient >40 yo?

A
  • Cancer

- prostatic disease

21
Q

The results of the centrifuged urine shows a supernatant red. You perform a dipstick heme and it comes back positive. What are the 2 possible causes?

A
  • myoglobinuria

- hemoglobinuria

22
Q

What drugs might cause pseudohematuria? (3)

A
  • Ibuprofen
  • Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
  • Rifampin
23
Q

How can you tell the difference between hematuria in the upper vs lower GU tract?

A
  • upper GU = terminal hematuria

- lower GU = hematuria throughout micturition

24
Q

Myoglobinuria can lead to what form of AKI?

A

ATN

25
Q

The results of the centrifuged urine shows a red sediment. What is this term?

A

hematuria

26
Q

How do you distinguish between extraglomerular and glomerular hematuria using RBC morphology?

A
  • extraglomerular = normal

- glomerular = dysmorphic RBCs

27
Q

How do you distinguish between extraglomerular and glomerular hematuria using clots?

A
  • extraglomerular = may be present

- glomerular = absent

28
Q

How do you distinguish between extraglomerular and glomerular hematuria using RBC casts?

A
  • extraglomerular = absent

- glomerular = may be present

Nephrology (3 decks)

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