Chapter 26.1: Amniotes

Question 1

Reptiles, birds, and mammals are all () that develop in a () sac

Answer 1

amniotes; fluid-filled

Question 2

The fluid-filled sac contains everything an embryonic vertebrate needs to grow

Answer 2

JUST A NOTE

Question 3

Some amniotes, the sac is contained inside the (); In others, a tough semipermeable () protects the embryo because it develops () the body

Answer 3

mother’s body; shell; outside

Question 4

`The development of the () allowed vertebrates to be able to produce on ()

Answer 4

amniotic egg; land

Question 5

Over time, amniotes have evolved many different () and sizes, which has caused differences among their () and ()

Answer 5

body shapes; anatomy; circulation

Question 6

The first amniotes walked in a () [similar to a lizard]

Answer 6

sprawl

Question 7

Amniotes such as mammals, dinosaurs, and birds evolved a more () stance

Answer 7

upright

Question 8

Having an upright stance uses less energy than sprawling and separates () and () muscles

Answer 8

breathing; movement

Question 9

As amniotes evolved, they required more energy for () and ()

Answer 9

movement; growth

Question 10

More energy caused the need for the development of many types of ()

Answer 10

circulatory systems

Question 11

All amniotes have two () [() and ()]

Answer 11

circuit blood vessels; pulmonary; systemic

Question 12

Pulmonary Circuit:

Answer 12

Moves oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood back to the heart

Question 13

Systemic Circuit:

Answer 13

Moves oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 14

Like amphibians, reptiles have a () heart [two () and one ()]

Answer 14

three-chambered; aria; ventricle

Question 15

Mammals and birds have a () heart [two () and two ()]

Answer 15

four-chambered; aria; ventricles

Question 16

Like all organisms, amniotes are more active when they are ()

Answer 16

warm

Question 17

All living organisms absorb () from the environment and release it

Answer 17

heat

Question 18

All animals manage () in different ways

Answer 18

heat

Question 19

Ectotherms:

Answer 19

Organisms whose body temperatures are determined by their surrounding environment (reptiles; amphibians) (cold-blooded)

Question 20

Ectotherm’s body temperature fluctuates with the temperature of the ()

Answer 20

environment

Question 21

Endotherms:

Answer 21

Organisms that use their own metabolic heat to keep their tissues warm (humans; mammals) (warm-blooded)

Question 22

Endotherms may shiver when cold (muscles generate heat) or sweat when hot

Answer 22

JUST A NOTE

Question 23

Ectotherms (crocodiles) are less active when its (), but can survive on less () than endotherms (lion)

Answer 23

cold; food

Question 24

Endotherms are active all the time but must () more than ectotherms

Answer 24

eat

Question 25

Endotherms can live in a wider range of () than endotherms

Answer 25

climates