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Origins of Animal Organ Systems > Coelomic Cavity Origins and Formation > Flashcards

Coelomic Cavity Origins and Formation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the coelom?

A

The body cavity located between the alimentary canal and body wall.

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2
Q

What lines the coelom?

A

A layer of mesoderm

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3
Q

What is the coelom called in vertebrates?

A

The body cavity

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4
Q

Do acoelomates have an enclosed body cavity?

A

No

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5
Q

What are examples of parasitic acoelomates?

A

The liver fluke and cestodes.

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6
Q

What is the structure of the body cavity in acoelomates?

A

It has a layer of mesoderm derived muscle beneath the ectoderm layer and the space between the gut and body wall is filled with mesenchyme cells.

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7
Q

What is the structure of the body cavity in pseudocoelomates?

A

They have a fluid filled body cavity with a layer of mesoderm derived muscle around the body wall.

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8
Q

How are internal organs arranged in pseudocoelomates?

A

They are suspended in fluid with no attachment to the body wall. This is due to the absence of the mesodermal peritoneal membrane.

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9
Q

What are examples of parasitic pseudocoelomates?

A

Ascaris roundworm and hookworm

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10
Q

What is the structure of the body cavity in coelomates?

A

An enclosed body cavity develops as two layers of mesoderm. This is lined with mesodermal peritoneal membrane that surrounds the internal organs. Mesodermal derived muscle lines the body wall.

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11
Q

What separates the internal organs from the coelomic fluid in coelomates?

A

The peritoneum

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12
Q

What is the function of the coelom?

A
  • Provides space for 3D growth of organs
  • Provides protective environment for organs of the body cavity
  • Allows some muscle groups to grow independently of the body wall
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13
Q

What is the function of coelomic fluid?

A
  • Supports growth and movement of internal organs
  • Provides medium for the movement of immune cells
  • Acts as a hydroskeleton which supports movement in (invertebrates)
  • Facilitates transport of gases, nutrients and waste in invertebrates
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14
Q

How is a spiral cleavage arranged?

A

The animal pole blastomeres are rotated with respect to those of the vegetal pole so the axis of cleavage is curved.

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15
Q

How is a radial cleavage arranged?

A

The animal pole blastomeres are symmetrically oriented with those of the vegetal pole so the axis of cleavage is straight.

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16
Q

What are examples of simple body plans?

A

monoblastic or diploblastic

17
Q

What is an example of a complex body plan?

A

triploblastic

18
Q

What are the two evolutionary paths of the triploblastic body plan?

A

Deuterostomes and protostomes

19
Q

What is the process of coelom formation called in protostomes?

A

Schizocoely

20
Q

What is the process of coelom formation called in deuterostomes?

A

Enterocoely

21
Q

How does schizocoely form the coelomic cavity?

A

By splitting the mesoderm to create the coelomic cavity.

22
Q

How does enterocoely form the coelomic cavity?

A

By differentiation of the endodermal placodes to mesoderm. The mesoderm then forms pockets that bud off from the endoderm and extend to form the coelomic cavity.

23
Q

What are the divisions of the human coelomic cavity?

A

The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

24
Q

What are the areas of the thoracic cavity?

A
  • The pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart
  • The pleural cavities that surround the lungs
  • The mediastinum that contains the oesophagus, major vessels and certain nerves
25
Q

What are the areas of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A
  • The abdominal cavity that contains the abdominal viscera

- The pelvic cavity that contains the pelvic viscera

26
Q

What is the function of the transverse fold (septum)?

A

It separates the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities.

27
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

The mesoderm lined cavity around the heart.

28
Q

What us the pleuroperitoneal cavity?

A

The mesoderm lined cavity around all visceral organs except the heart.

29
Q

What separates the pleural and peritoneal cavity?

A

The diaphragm

30
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

The mesoderm lined cavity of the abdominal/pelvic region.

Origins of Animal Organ Systems (6 decks)

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