Derma

Question 1

1 Macule

Answer 1

Pigment loss (hypopigmentation) or excess (hyperpigmentation) in the skin (or mucous membrane)
Patch = Macule > 1cm

Eg. morphea, lentigo senilis, vitiligo segmentalis, subungual melanoma

Question 2

1 Papule

Answer 2

Cellular infiltration in the papillary dermis of < 1cm in diameter

Eg. guttate psoriasis, pigmented nevus, lichen ruber planus

Question 3

1 Plaque

Answer 3

Cellular infiltration in the papillary dermis of > 1cm in diameter

Eg. psoriasis vulgaris (plaque psoriasis), erythema chronicum migrans, pityriasis rosea, mycosis fungoides

Question 4

1 Epidermal papule / plaque

Answer 4

Identical to papule or plaque, but the cellular infiltration affects the epidermis

Eg. condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris

Question 5

1 Nodule

Answer 5

Cellular infiltration in the reticular dermis and subcutis

Eg. erythema nodosum, lupus panniculitis, atypical mycobacteriosis

Question 6

1 Tuber

Answer 6

Cellular infiltration in the reticular dermis and subcutis

Eg. cutaneous TB, mycosis fungoides, cutaneous sarcoidosis

Question 7

1 Gumma

Answer 7

Like tuber, but due to tertiary syphilis

Eg. tertiary syphilis

Question 8

1 Tumor

Answer 8

Tumor cell infiltration in any layer of the skin

Eg. MM, BCC, mycosis fungoides, congenital/compound/pigmented nevus

Question 9

1 Urtica (wheal)

Answer 9

Circumscribed edema of the dermis

Eg. urticaria factitia

Question 10

1 Vesicle

Answer 10

Cavity of < 0.5cm in diameter within or below the epidermis containing serous or hemorrhagic fluid

Eg. herpes labialis, acute contact dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, hand foot and mouth disease

Question 11

1 Bulla (blister)

Answer 11

Like vesicle, but of > 0.5cm in diameter

Eg. pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, II grade burn, contagious impetigo

Question 12

1 Pustule

Answer 12

Like vesicle or bulla, but the fluid is pus and it can sit in any layer of the skin

Eg. acne vulgaris, furuncle, pustular psoriasis, pityrosporum folliculitis

Question 13

1 Cyst

Answer 13

Cavity (closed sac) in the skin containing air, serous, pustular (pus), hemorrhagic fluid or semisolid material such as sebum

Eg. epidermal cyst, eccrne hydrocystoma, cystic BCC

Question 14

2 Erosion

Answer 14

Horizontal lack of a part of the skin (involves the epidermis, basement membrane is intact)

Eg. Hailey Hailey disease, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, contagious impetigo

Question 15

2 Ulcer

Answer 15

Lack of all layers of the skin (extends into dermis / subcutis)

Eg. leg ulcer, III grade burn, necrobiosis lipoidica, ecthyma, cutaneous TB

Question 16

2 Excoriation

Answer 16

Erosion or ulcer due to scratching

Eg. schistosomiasis

Question 17

2 Fissure (rhagas)

Answer 17

Vertical cleft in the skin

Eg. Heel fissures

Question 18

2 Crust

Answer 18

Dried tissue fluid such as pus or blood mixed with epithelial and/or bacterial debris

Eg. Hailey Hailey disease, pemphigus vulgaris

Question 19

2 Fistula

Answer 19

Abnormal connection between a hollow space (a cyst or a hollow organ) and the skin surface

Eg. epidermal cyst fistula

Question 20

2 Scaling (peeling, desquamation)

Answer 20

Shedding of the outermost layer of the skin (pityriasiform, psoriasiform, lamellar)

Eg. psoriasis vulgaris, pytiriasis rosea, lamellar ichthyosis, solar dermatitis

Question 21

2 Lichenification

Answer 21

Increase in skin lines, wrinkles and creases from chronic inflammation and rubbing

Eg. atopic dermatitis, Sézary syndrome, chronic contact dermatitis

Question 22

2 Atrophy

Answer 22

Partial or complete wasting away of the skin (shrinking, involution, incomplete development)

Eg. steroid atrophy, lichen sclerosus & atrophicus, scar, chronic discoid LE

Question 23

2 Scar (cicatrix)

Answer 23

Fibrous regeneration tissue due to wound repair in the skin, replacing normal skin after injury of the dermis and/or the subcutis

Eg. surgical scar, keloid, scarring/cicatricial allopecia