Unit 1 Bio- The structure of cells Flashcards

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2
Q

Inorganic vs organic

A

An organic compound is a complex, carbon-containing compound that is thought to be of ‘biological origin’.An inorganic compound is a simpler compound that is not of biological origin.

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3
Q

Examples of organic compounds

A

CarbohydratesLipidsNucleic acidsProteins

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4
Q

Examples of inorganic compounds

A

WaterOxygenCarbon dioxideNitrogenMinerals

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5
Q

Tests for compounds in cells

A

Iodine is an indicator for starchColoured strips indicate the presence of glucose

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6
Q

Structure of the plasma membrane

A

Described as a ‘fluid mosaic’.Main structural component are phospholipids- hydrophilic phosphate head with hydrophobic lipid tails.Also contains proteins and cholesterol for extra support and particle chanels.

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7
Q

Structure of proteins

A

Monomer: amino acidCHON(SP): carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and some contain sulfur and phosphorous

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8
Q

Structure of lipids

A

NOT A POLYMER, NO REPEATING SUBUNITSSubunit: triglyceride (glycerol and three fatty acids)CHO(NP): carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and some contain nitrogen and phosphorous

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9
Q

Composition of carbohydrates

A

Monomer: glucoseCHO: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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10
Q

Composition of nucleic acids

A

Monomer: nucleotideCHONP: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous

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11
Q

Properties of water

A

pH:Cohesiveness: water molecules are very cohesive, meaning that they have a strong tendency to stick together. This property allows thin columns of water to be pulled up tree trunks without breaking. The cohesiveness also creates a strong surface tension, which allows small insects to walk across water without breaking into the molecules and sinking.Heat capacity: water has a very high heat capacity, meaning that it can absorb a great deal of heat with very little increase in temperature. Important for temperature regulation. Heat within organisms can be absorbed by a body water without heating the cells much. Because water ha a high vapourisation temperature, the evaporation of even small amounts of water will be effective in cooling that part of the body surface.

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12
Q

Where are lipids located in cells?

A

Fundamental structural component of cell membranes

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13
Q

Where are proteins located in cells?

A

RER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, generally all throughout cell

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14
Q

Where are carbohydrates found in cells?

A

Cellulose: plant cell wall for supportMitochondria: carbohydrates a broken down into simple sugars and ATP for cell energy

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15
Q

Where are nucleic acids found in cells?

A

There are two types of nucliec acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is located in the nucleus, and RNA moves out from the nucleus into the ribosomes.

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16
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

Amino acids that are not naturally formed within an organism but are required for function, and so must be consumed as part of the organism’s diet.

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17
Q

What is cell theory?

A

All cells come from pre-existing cellsAll living organisms are made up of cellsCells are the smallest living organisational unit

18
Q

Prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells

A

Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, but prokaryotes do not.

19
Q

Plant vs animal cells

A

Cell structure: plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose, but animals do not have cell wallsEnergy sourcing: plants use chloroplasts and photsyntheis, whereas animals use mitochondria and cellular respiration

20
Q

Explain the two main microscopy types.

A

Light microscopy: uses visible light to examine cells and tissues.Electron microscopy: an object is viewed using an electron beam instead of light. Higher resolution a thousands times greater than light microscopy.