Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards
Define “ganglion”
A cluster of cell bodies outside of the CNS; enveloped in an epineurium
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Describe the dorsal root ganglia
Ganglia a short distance away from the spinal cord; contain neurosomas (cell bodies) of sensory neurons
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Describe the sympathetic ganglia
Neurosomas that lie laterally to the vertebral body; responsible for carrying motor information
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Name the twelve cranial nerves
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I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducens
VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/323/112/a_image_thumb.png?1616182985)
Describe cranial nerve I. Name? Function? Origin? Termination?
Name: Olfactory nerve
Function: sensory; contains “fascicles”, or projections from the olfactory bulb through the ethmoid bone into the nasal cavity
Origin: Olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity
Termination: Olfactory bulb
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/324/545/a_image_thumb.jpg?1614873583)
Describe cranial nerve II. Name? Function? Origin? Termination?
Name: Optic nerve
Function: Sensory; responsible for relaying visual information from the retina to the thalamus and midbrain at the optic chiasm; ultimately leads to occipital lobe
Origin: Retina
Termination: Thalamus and midbrain
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Describe cranial nerve III. Name? Function? Origin? Termination?
Name: Oculomotor
Function: Predominantly motor responsible for opening of eyelid, pupillary constriction, and focusing
Origin: Midbrain
Termination: somatic fibers to levator palpebrae superioris; superior, medial, and inferior rectus muscles, and inferior oblique of the eye; autonomic fibers enter eyeball and lead to constrictor of iris and ciliary muscle of lens
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/343/296/a_image_thumb.jpg?1614874345)
Describe cranial nerve IV. Name? Function? Origin? Termination?
Name: Trochlear
Function: Predominantly motor; responsible for medial eye movements
Origin: Midbrain
Termination: superior oblique muscle of contralateral eye
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/343/570/a_image_thumb.jpg?1614874495)
Describe cranial nerve V. Name? Function? Subdivisions?
Name: Trigeminal
Function: Mixed nerve for sensation and chewing
3 divisions: V1 = opthalmic; V2 = maxillary; V3 = Mandibular
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Describe subdivision V1 of the trigeminal nerve. Name? Function? Origin? Termination?
Name: Ophthalmic
Function: touch, temperature, pain, and sensation from upper face
Origin: superior region of the face; surface of eyeball; lacrimal gland; superior nasal mucosa; frontal and ethmoid sinuses
Termination: Pons
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Describe subdivision V2 of the trigeminal nerve. Name? Function? Origin? Termination?
Name: Maxillary
Function: Touch, temperature, and pain from the lower face
Origin: Middle region of the face; nasal mucosa; maxillary sinus; palate; upper teeth and gums
Termination: Pons
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/345/362/a_image_thumb.png?1614876431)
Describe subdivision V3 of the trigeminal nerve. Name? Function? Origins? Terminations?
Name: Mandibular
Function: Mixed; some sensory for the lower face; motor for mastication (chewing)
Sensory origin: Inferior region of the face, anterior 2/3 of tongue (not taste buds), lower teeth and gums, floor of mouth, and dura mater
Sensory termination: Pons
Motor origin: Pons
Motor termination: Anterior belly of digastric; masseter, temporalis, mylohyoid, and pterygoid muscles; tensor tympani muscle of inner ear
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/346/648/a_image_thumb.png?1614877067)
Describe cranial nerve VI. Name? Function? Origin? Termination?
Name: Abducens
Function: Lateral eye movement
Origin: Inferior pons
Termination: Lateral rectus muscle of the eye
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/348/117/a_image_thumb.jpg?1614877159)
Describe cranial nerve VII. Name? Function? Origins? Terminations?
Name: Facial
Function: Mixed; taste; facial expression; secretion of tears, saliva, nasal, and oral mucus
Sensory origin: taste buds of anterior 2/3 of tongue
Sensory termination: Thalamus
Motor origin: pons
Motor termination: somatic fibers of digastric muscle, stapedius muscle of middle ear, stylohyoid muscle, muscles of facial expression. Autonomic fibers to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, tear glands, nasal and palatine glands
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What are the five subdivisions of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
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Describe cranial nerve VIII. Name? Function? Origins? Terminations?
Name: Vestibulocochlear
Function: Predominantly sensory; hearing and equilibrium
Sensory origin: cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular ducts
Sensory termination: Fibers for hearing end in medulla; fibers for equilibrium end at junction of medulla and pons
Motor origin: Pons
Motor termination: Outer hair cells of cochlea of inner ear
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/349/103/a_image_thumb.jpg?1614878157)
Describe cranial nerve IX. Name? Function? Origins? Terminations?
Name: Glossopharyngeal
Function: Mixed; senses taste, touch, pressure, pain, and temperature on tongue and outer ear; regulates blood pressure and respiration; motor controls salivation, swallowing, and gagging
Sensory origin: pharynx; middle and outer ear; posterior 1/3 (including tastebuds) of tongue; internal carotid artery
Sensory termination: Medulla oblongata
Motor origin: Medulla oblongata
Motor termination: Parotid salivary gland; glands of posterior tongue; stylopharyngeal muscle (dilates pharynx for swallowing)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/349/680/a_image_thumb.jpg?1614878489)
Describe cranial nerve X. Name? Function? Origins? Terminations?
Name: Vagus
Function: senses taste, hunger, fullness, and gastrointestinal discomfort; responsible for swallowing, speech, deceleration of heart, bronchoconstriction, gastrointestinal secretion and motility
Sensory Origin: Thoracic and abdominal viscera, root of tongue, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, outer ear, dura mater
Sensory Termination: Medulla oblongata
Motor Origin: Medulla oblongata
Motor Termination: tongue, palate, pharynx, and most other internal organs
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/351/146/a_image_thumb.jpg?1614908106)
Describe cranial nerve XI. Name? Function? Origin? Termination?
Name: Accessory
Function: primarily motor; swallowing; head, neck, and shoulder movements
Origin: Medulla oblongata and spinal cord segments C1-C6
Termination: Palate; pharynx; trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
“wanna be spinal nerve”
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/394/314/a_image_thumb.jpg?1614908283)
Describe cranial nerve XII. Name? Function? Origin? Termination?
Name: Hypoglossal
Function: Primarily motor; tongue movements of speech, food manipulation, and swallowing
Origin: Medulla oblongata
Termination: Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/338/394/405/a_image_thumb.jpg?1614908484)
Define plexus
A network of intersecting nerve fibers that serve the same part of the body