Chapter 5:Chemical Bonding:Chemical Formulas

Question 1

Dipole-dipole Forces

Answer 1

are forces of attraction between the negative pole of one polar molecule and the positive pole of another polar molecule

Question 2

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 2

Are particular typs of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen,oxygen or fluorine.The hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge and is attracted to the electronegative atom in another molecule.Thus,the hydrogen bond acts as a bridge between two electronegative atoms in separate molecules

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

Is a substance that is made up of two or more different elements combined together chemically

Question 4

Ionic Bond

Answer 4

between oppositely charged ions in a compond.Ionic bonds are always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 5

Transition Metal

Answer 5

Is one that forms at least one ion with a partially filled a sublevel

Question 6

Molecule

Answer 6

Is a group of atoms joined together.It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently

Question 7

Sigma Bond

Answer 7

Is formed by the head on overlap of two orbitals

Question 8

Pi Bond

Answer 8

Is formed by the sideways overlap of p ortibals

Question 9

Octet Rule

Answer 9

When bonding occurs,atoms tend to reach an electron arrangment with eight electrons in the outermost energy level

Question 10

Valency

Answer 10

Of an element is defined as the number of atoms of hydrogen or any other monovalent element with which each atom of the element combines

Question 11

Double Bonds

Answer 11

Is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

Question 12

Crystal Lattice

Answer 12

three-dimensional arrangement of ions

Question 13

Single Bond

Answer 13

Is formed when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

Question 14

Electronegativity

Answer 14

Is the relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 15

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 15

Is a bond in which there is unequal sharing of the pair(s) of electrons.This causes one end of the bond to be slightly positive(S+) and the other end slightly negative(S-)

Question 16

Intramolecular Bonding

Answer 16

Is bonding that takes place within a molecule.Covalent bonding and polar covalent bonding are examples of intramolecular bonding

Question 17

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 17

Are particular typs of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen,oxygen or fluorine.The hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge and is attracted to the electronegative atom in another molecule.Thus,the hydrogen bond acts as a bridge between two electronegative atoms in separate molecules

Question 18

Intermolecular Forces

Answer 18

Are the forces of attraction that exist between molecules.Van der Waals forces,dipole-dipole forces an hydrogen bonding are examples of intermolecular forces

Question 19

van der Waals forces

Answer 19

Are weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from the formation of temporary dipoles.They are the only forces of attraction between non-polar molecules

Question 20

Exception to the Octet Rule

Answer 20

Transition Metals (more or fewer than eight eletrons in their outermost energy level)

Elements Near Helium(tend to have two eletrns in the outer energy level)

Question 21

Hydroxide ion

Answer 21

OH-

Question 22

Nitrate ion

Answer 22

NO3-

Question 23

Hydrogencarbonate ion

Answer 23

HCO3-

Question 24

Permanganate ion

Answer 24

MnO4-

Question 25

Carbonate ion

Answer 25

CO3 2-

Question 26

Chromate ion

Answer 26

CrO4 2-

Question 27

Dichromate ion

Answer 27

Cr2O7 2-

Question 28

Sulfate ion

Answer 28

SO4 2-

Question 29

Sulfite ion

Answer 29

SO3 2-

Question 30

Thiosulfate

Answer 30

S203 2-

Question 31

Phosphate ion

Answer 31

PO4 3-

Question 32

Ammonium ion

Answer 32

NH4 +

Question 33

Charecteristic’s of Ionic Compounds

Answer 33

Contains a network of ions in the crystal
Usually hard and brittle
High melting and boiling points
Solid at room temp
Conducts electricity