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1. Theme 2 > T2 L6: Haemostasis > Flashcards

T2 L6: Haemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is DIC?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a disorder where clotting factors become overactive so end up being used up

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2
Q

What is thrombocytopaenia?

A

Low blood platelet count

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3
Q

What is haemothrosis?

A

Bleeding into joints

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4
Q

What is hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (Also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome)?

A

disorder that causes some blood vessels to not develop properly (arteriovenous malformation)

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5
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

A

A group of conditions that cause very flexible joints and stretchy and fragile skin

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6
Q

What is scurvy?

A

Vitamin C deficiency

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7
Q

What is meant by senile?

A

Increased fragility due to age. Can increase chances of bleeding

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8
Q

What is the normal range of platelets?

A

150-400 billion (x10^9)

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9
Q

What is an epistaxis?

A

A nose bleed

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10
Q

What is Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

A

When the body produces antibodies against platelets. It’s most common in children and is triggered by infection

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11
Q

What is the platelet count for thrombocytopaenia?

A

<150 billion (x10^9)

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12
Q

What are the treatments when platelets <20 x 10^9?

A
  1. steroids and/or intravenous Ig’s (given in emergency because they don’t treat the cause)
  2. Thrombopoietin agonist
  3. Immunosuppressant
  4. splenectomy
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13
Q

What type of drug is Romiplostim?

A

A thrombopoietin agonist

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14
Q

What type of drug is Rituximab?

A

An immunosuppressant

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15
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

A hormone produced by the kidneys to stimulate production of red blood cells

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16
Q

What is thrombopoeitin?

A

A hormone produced by the kidneys and liver to stimulate productions of platelets

17
Q

How do platelets work?

A

The supress B-cell maturation into plasma cells

18
Q

How can aspirin cause decreased platelet function?

A

It inhibits thromboxane’s which are responsible for platelet aggregation

19
Q

What are NSAID’s?

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

20
Q

How can NSAID’s decrease platelet function?

A

It inhibits thromboxane’s which are responsible for platelet aggregation

21
Q

What type of drug is Voltarol?

A

An NSAID

22
Q

What does prothrombinase do?

A

Converts prothrombin (factor 2) into thrombin (factor 2a)

23
Q

What is the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascade?

A

Extrinsic is activated by external trauma that causes blood to leak out of vessels. The intrinsic pathway is activated by trauma inside the vascular system, and is activated by platelets, exposed endothelium, chemicals, or collagen.

24
Q

What are chelating drugs?

A

They bind to metals in the bloodstream and collect them all into a compound that’s filtered through the kidneys and released in urine

25
Q

How does EDTA stop blood coagulation?

A

It chelates Ca2+ from blood

1. Theme 2 (12 decks)

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