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SPH512 Part 1 - Paed Speech, Adult Speech and Swallowing > Pre-Assessment > Flashcards

Pre-Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Typical pre-assessment tasks for kids with suspected SSD:

A

*Review Case Hx
*Review educational and medical reports from other professionals
*Complete Paperwork
*Conduct parent and teacher interviews
*Prepare the Ax tasks
(typically about 40 min work)

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2
Q

This information is essential for considering the child in context, making informed diagnoses, and planning appropriate intervention:

A

Case History

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3
Q

Some ways in which Case History information can be gathered:

A
  • Case Hx Questionnaires (prior to face-to-face)
  • Parent interview - over the phone or face-to-face
  • Teacher interview (with parental permission) -over the phone or face-to-face
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4
Q

Essential Case Hx information to gather for children with suspected SSD

A
  • Demographic information
  • Areas of concern
  • Communication History
  • Cultural and Language History
  • Hearing History
  • Birth History
  • Developmental Hx
  • Health and Medical Hx
  • Feeding and Eating
  • The child in his/her Environment
  • Family Preferences
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5
Q

What kind of Demographic Information is collected for a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A

*Name (CHECK correct spelling, pronunciation, order of first/sir name. Transcribe phonetically on the file)
*date of birth (CHECK - Western calendar or another
calendar used?)
*age (CHECK - this could change reported age)
*sex
*address
*telephone
*email address

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6
Q

What kind of information is collected under “Areas of Concern” when doing a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A
  • Reason for referral

* Any other areas of concern (may be broader than just speech)

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7
Q

What kind of Communication History is collected for a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A

*Babbling
*first words
*combined two words
*current communication
abilities
*areas of concern
*previous assessment and intervention from SLP
*Family history of speech, language, communication and academic difficulties.

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8
Q

What kind of Cultural and Language History is collected for a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A

*Countries the family has lived in
*Languages/dialects
spoken at home and school
*Length of time spoken (each language)
*Competency in each language (listening, speaking, reading, writing - where appropriate)
*Frequency of use (percentage per day)
*Contexts of use for each language (incl. time in rel. countries)
*Exposure (reading, other literacy activities in each language)
*Attitudes (child, parents, siblings, and community towards the different languages)

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9
Q

Who can the SLP collect information from, about the child in their environment, for the case Hx for kids with suspected SSD?

A 
*parents (ask about others who may provide useful background information,
such as a sports coach or music teacher)
*grandparents
*teachers 
*siblings
*friends
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10
Q

What kind of information is collected under “The child in their environment” when doing a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A
  • Interests
  • strengths
  • concerns
  • about family members
  • friends
  • school
  • activities (e.g., sports, music, religious, community)
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11
Q

What kind of Feeding and Eating information is collected for a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A
  • Difficulties with breast-feeding?
  • bottle-feeding?
  • swallowing?
  • food preferences
  • allergies.
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12
Q

What kind of Health and Medical History is collected for a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A

*General health and well-being
*diagnosis of any
health conditions (e.g., cleft lip and palate, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome)
*hospitalizations
*medications.

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13
Q

What kind of Developmental History is collected for a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A

*Milestones (sitting, walking)
*significant events during
childhood

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14
Q

What kind of Birth History is collected for a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A
  • Pregnancy

* significant birth events *gestation age at birth (prematurity)

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15
Q

What kind of Hearing History is collected for a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A
  • Number of ear infections and how they were treated
  • hearing tests
  • diagnosis of hearing loss
  • hearing aids
  • cochlear implant.
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16
Q

What kind of Family Preference information is collected when doing a Case Hx for a child with suspected SSD?

A

*family preferences for assessment and intervention (including
service delivery)
*parent/caregiver roles

17
Q

What are the 4 main purposes of assessment?

A

*Description: describe areas of strength and difficulty, and functioning in the context of their daily lives.
*Diagnosis: Does the
child have an SSD? Does the child require intervention?
*Intervention planning: to determine whether intervention
would benefit. If so, what should be targeted.
*Outcome measurement: Once receiving intervention, assessments can
monitor progress and determine outcomes.

18
Q

Outside of ‘fit’ for the child, what should a good diagnostic Ax tool have?

A

*high sensitivity and
specificity to identify whether a child has difficulty producing speech sounds when compared
with other children of the same age.
*extensive enough to enable intervention planning.

19
Q

When the purpose of assessment is intervention planning, what are the two main questions a good Ax will help answer?

A
  • Will a child benefit from intervention?
  • If so, what should be targeted?
  • -> Ax may probe specific areas of difficulty in order to understand a) extent of difficulty
    b) contexts in which the difficulties occur.
20
Q

What are the 5 different types of assessment?

A

■■ standardized versus informal assessments
■■ norm-referenced versus criterion-referenced assessments
■■ screening versus diagnostic assessments
■■ static versus dynamic assessments
■■ response to intervention

21
Q

What does the term “Standardized Assessment”

mean?

A

That there are:

  • consistent test materials
  • consistent procedures for test administration
  • consistent scoring rules
22
Q

What is Predictive validity of a standardised assessment?

A

–>also ‘identification accuracy’
–>Whether an assessment is able to differentiate between children who do and don’t have
difficulties.
*Considered the most important aspect of standardised assessment

23
Q

What are sensitivity and Specificity in a standardised assessment for SSD?

A

*Sensitivity is the ability to identify the presence of SSD in children who have an SSD.
*Specificity is the ability to identify the absence of SSD in children who do not have
SSD (i.e., are typically developing).

24
Q

Why is it important to consider environmental and personal factors when
deciding on whether intervention is necessary?

A

All children are individuals,
and difficulty producing speech sounds will have a different impact depending on the attitudes and norms of the community in which they live

25
Q

How are specificity and sensitivity measured in a standardised assessment for SSD?

A

Sensitivity and specificity are measured between 0 and 1.0, indicating
the level of precision of making an accurate diagnosis. Values closest to 1.0 indicate
the most accurate diagnosis. Plante and Vance (1994) recommend that values over .80
are acceptable and over .90 are optimal

26
Q

How many children should be in each age (or other subgroup) assessed to get the normative data?

A

100 or more.

27
Q

What are Norm-referenced Assessments?

A

Tools that indicate the standing of an individual within a population of individuals (compare performance against normative samples to determine whether performance is typical or delayed

28
Q

What are “Criterion-referenced assessments?

A

Criterion-referenced assessments measure performance against the ability to produce a
target skill, but “make no direct reference to the performance of other examinees”
*They can either be standardised or informal.

29
Q

What are the 2 types of screening assessment?

A
  • Primary (first-level)

* Secondary (second-level)

30
Q

What are some important considerations when choosing a screening assessment?

A
  • High sensitivity and specificity?
  • Is it Valid? (Does it measure the skills it is designed to measure?)
  • Does it have normative information that is relevant for your speech community?
31
Q

What happens if a child doesn’t pass a secondary screening assessment?

A

More detailed diagnostic assessment is required to determine:

  • what areas of difficulty they have
  • whether or not they have an SSD
  • whether they need intervention
  • If they do, what should be targeted in intervention?
32
Q

What is a secondary-screening assessment for?

A

*Specific population (ie suspected of difficulties, failed primary screener, referred for particular issue)
*Undertaken by SLP to determine if a child needs a more comprehensive Ax.
*If child referred for one difficulty, SLP will screen others that may be comorbid. e.g. expressive and receptive language,
stuttering, voice, oral structure and function, swallowing/feeding, and hearing

33
Q

What is considered ‘premature’?

A

“Prematurity is defined as birth prior to 37 weeks’ gestation with low birth weight. Low birth weight is defined as less than 2500 grams, or 5.5 pounds; very low birth weight (VLBW) is considered less than 1500 grams, or 3.3 pounds (Rais-Bahrami y Short, 2013). (Paul et al., 2007, p. 183).

SPH512 Part 1 - Paed Speech, Adult Speech and Swallowing (12 decks)

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