pharynx, larynx and nasal cavity

Question 1

consequence of compression of sympathetic trunk in pharynx area

Answer 1

Horners syndrome:

myosis, anhydrosis and ptosis

Question 2

name the fascia over the constrictor muscles of the pharynx

Answer 2

buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 3

what is the nerve overlying the stylopharyngeus called?

Answer 3

glossopharyngeal n

Question 4

what is the fascia that is often fused with the buccopharyngeal fascia?

Answer 4

pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 5

what lies superficial to the middle constrictor?

Answer 5

the hyoglossus

Question 6

what are the two muscles making up the inferior constrictor?

Answer 6

thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus

Question 7

what is the consequence of there is poor antagonistic coordination between the inferior constrictors and why?

Answer 7

There could be an outpouching of the mucous membrane called zenkers diverticulum. It happens because the difference in muscle fibre direction of the inferior constrictors creates an area of weakness- killian’s triangle.

Question 8

purpose of longitudinal muscles

Answer 8

elevate pharynx in swallowing

Question 9

name the fascia that fills the gap between the superior constrictor and base of skull

Answer 9

pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 10

What isthe emergency procedure where the cricothyroid membrane is opened

Answer 10

Cricothyroidectomy

Question 11

consequence of a deviated septum?

Answer 11

Snoring/ difficult with nasal breathing

Question 12

inability to smell

Answer 12

anosmia

Question 13

function of the infraorbital nerve

Answer 13

seensation to skin of midface

Question 14

cranial nerve that supplies motor innervation to intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 14

hypogossal n/CNXII

Question 15

nerve carrying general sensation from the tongue to CNS

Answer 15

trigeminal(mandibular) nerve

Question 16

which nerve carries special(taste) sensation from tongue to CNS

Answer 16

Anterior 2/3rd of tongue: facial nerve

Posterior 1/3rd of tongue: glossopharyngeal n.

Question 17

which two muscles form the soft palate and what is their innervation?
What is the consequence of paralysis to these?

Answer 17

Levator palatini- CNX/ vagus n.
Tensor palatini- V3
Inability to elevate pharynx and open the auditory tube

Question 18

role of epiglottis

Answer 18

close off airwayduring swallowing

Question 19

intrinsic muscles of larynx that opens airway

Answer 19

Posterior cricoarytenoids

Question 20

intrinsic larynx muscle that closes airway?

Answer 20

Lateral cricoarytenoids and transverse arytenoid

Question 21

intrinsic m. of larynx that increases pitch

Answer 21

Cricothyroid

Question 22

intrinsic m. of larynx that decreases pitch

Answer 22

thyroarytenoid

Question 23

Following thyroid surgery, it was noted that a patient frequently aspirated fluid into her lungs. Upon examination it was determined that the area of the piriform recess above the vocal fold of the larynx was numb. Which nerve is most likely to be injured?

Answer 23

internal laryngeal nerve

Question 24

Irrigation of the maxillary sinus through its opening is a supportive measure to acceslerate the resolution of a maxillary sinus infection. Which nasal space is most suitable to approach the sinus opening?

Answer 24

middle meatus