Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

• Chronic, metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia as a cardinal biochemical feature
• Deficiency of insulin or its action with subsequent defect in metabolism of carbohydrates, protein & lipids

Question 2

Types of diabetes mellitus

Answer 2

1. Insulin dependent (Type 1 DM)
2. Non-insulin dependent (Type 2 DM)
3. Secondary diabetes mellitus:
   • Endocrinopathies: Cushing disease, Hyperthyroidism, Acromegaly
   • Drug- or chemical-induced: Steroids, Thyroid hormone
   • Diseases of the exocrine pancreas: Hemochromatosis, Cystic fibrosis, Pancreatitis

🌻 1-type1 DM
2-Type 1 diabetes in adults
3-Type 2 diabetes
4-Pancreatic disease
5-Monogenic diabetes → maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY;) and neonatal diabetes

Question 3

Criteria for diagnosis

Answer 3

☀️ Diabetes mellitus

– FASTING—-> >=126mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L),
RBS—>200 mg/dL

🌼Impaired glucose tolerance

Fasting—>100-125 mg/dL

– RBS—->140 mg/dL, but < 200 mg/dL