Nutrition

Question 1

What do kids spend energy on?

Answer 1

50% basal metabolism
25% physical activity
12% growth
8% faecal loss

Question 2

The eatwell plate suggest what plate composiiton for children?

Answer 2

Carbs 57%

Fats 27% (much more than adult as needed for brain and nueronal development)

Protein 16%

Question 3

Impacts of obesity on kids?

Answer 3

Emotional and behavioural issues

• bullying, low self esteem
• school absence

Future health problems

• diabetes, chd
• breathing difficulties
• dental carries

Question 4

What are the clinical effects of malnutrition

Answer 4

Immunity - increased infection
Impaired wound healing
Liver fatty changes 
Psychological - depression
Anorexia - poor muscle strength

Question 5

What is the barker hypothesis?

Answer 5

TheBarker hypothesisproposed that adverse nutrition in early life, including prenatally as measured by birth weight, increased susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome which includes obesity, diabetes, insulin insensitivity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and complications that include coronary heart disease

Question 6

What health risks come with being small for gestational age and LGA?

Answer 6

Increased risk of:
Neonatal hypoglycaemia 
CVD
T2DM
Metabolic syndrome
HTN

LGA:
Obesity and T2DM

Question 7

What are the advantages and disadvantages of breastfeeding?

Answer 7

Advantages:
Readily available, natural, antibodies, all nutrients
Reduces risks of infection

Disadvantages:
HIV+ mums cant
If mum is nutrient deficient, breastmilk is insufficient

Question 8

If kid xomes in with difficult behaviour or mood, what questions to ask?

Answer 8

Diet hx is very important as poor nutrition can affect concentration, behaviour etc

Question 9

What are the consequences of anorexia?

Answer 9

Growth retardation
Pubertal delay
Osteopaenia or osteoporosis
Cardiovascular changes
Brain changes

Refeeding syndrome

Question 10

What must a nutritional hx involve?

Answer 10

Types of food, food groups eaten
Do they eat red meats, green leafy veg, fortified cereals, eggs - iron sources

How do they eat - eating patterns
Amount of food
Type of fluid ingested

Ask them to talk you through average day of eating

Question 11

What does a nutritional exam involve?

Answer 11

Measure weight and height
General exam for signs of deficiency:

Rickets, dental carries, clubbing
Extra Gi manifestations of GI diseases

Question 12

What are the feed intake requirements in babies?

Answer 12

0-10kg - 100ml/kg
10-20: 50ml/kg
>20kg : 20ml/kg