Anaesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Why would you do an RSI?

A

Aspiration risk

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2
Q

What is the score used to assess fitness before surgery?

A

ASA score

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3
Q

How long do you have to fast the following before surgery

  1. Foods
  2. Clear fluids
A
  1. > 6 hours
  2. > 2 hours

*Clear fluids include tea and coffee

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4
Q

Name 4 parts of the checklist of safety (WHO)

A
  • Indeitifcation
  • Consent
  • Allergies
  • Site
  • Right operation
  • Introduce team
  • Ensure equipment ready
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5
Q

In which populations is post-op nausea common?

A

Patient - non-smoker, female, young

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6
Q

What is the most commonly used post-op fluid?

A

Haartmans - saline in excessive amounts can result in hyperchloraemic acidosis

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of propofol?

A

GABA-A receptor agonist

Used for induction of analgesia - rapid onset

Rapid onset of analgesia

Pain on IV injection

Milky colour

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8
Q

What are the two most common drugs used for RSI?

A

Thiopentone

Suxamethonium

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ketamine?

A

NMDA receptor ANTAGONIST

Used for induction of analgesia, mostly in kids

NOTE = hallucinations common

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10
Q

Whats the difference between an incision and an excision?

A
  • Incision = small opening in the skin, make a small cut and go through
  • Excision = larger opening in the skin, remove a whole chunk of the skin
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11
Q

What would be the anaesthesia of choice for Bier’s block?

A

Prilocaine

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12
Q

Name some causes of post-op fever

A

THE 4 ‘W’s’

Day 1-2: ‘Wind’ - Pneumonia, aspiration, pulmonary embolism

Day 3-5: ‘Water’ - Urinary tract infection (especially if the patient was catheterised)

Day 5-7: ‘Wound’ - Infection at the surgical site or abscess formation

Day 5+: ‘Walking’ - Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism

Any time: Drugs, transfusion reactions, sepsis, line contamination.

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13
Q

List one depolarising muscle relaxant and its mechanism of action

A

Suxamethonium

Bind to Ach - persistently depolarise it

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14
Q

List one non-depolarising muscle relaxant and its mechanism of action

A

Rocuronium

ANTAGONIST of nicotinic Ach receptors

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15
Q

What is the reversal agent for rocuronium?

A

Sugammadex

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16
Q

Name one mechanical and one pharmacological method of preventing VTE

A

M: TED stockings

P: LMWH

17
Q

What is the risk of giving someone too much NaCl post op?

A

Hyperchloraemic acidosis

think about it, you are giving someone lots of Cl- - hyper, also going to increase the H+

18
Q

What can you treat local anaesthetic toxicity with?

A

IV 20% lipid emulsion - extracts the hydrophobic local anaesthetic from the plasma and therefore reduces its plasma conc - mad!

19
Q

What is the reversal agent for BZ’s?

A

Flumazenil

20
Q

What is the reversal agent for heparin?

A

Protamine sulphate

21
Q

What is the reversal agent for opioids?

A

Naloxone