Congenital anomalies Flashcards
what are the four congenital anomalies
Agenesis
Pancreas divisum
ectopic pancreatic tissue
Annular panceas
what is pancreatic agenesis
“•Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas is an extremely rare congenital pancreatic anomaly
•Partial agenesis of dorsal pancreas is more common
•Caused by failure of the dorsal embyronic bud to form body or tail of pancreas
Symptoms of agenesis
Generally no symptoms but can cause abdo pain
Sonographic appearance of agenesis
“•Short, rounded head with absence of neck, body or tail
•Complete agenesis: neck, body, tail, duct of Santorini and minor duodenal papilla
•Partial Agenesis: size of pancreas varies, renment of duct of Santorini and minor duodenal papilla is present”
what is Annular pancreas
- Congenital abnormality in which the pancreatic tissue completely or incompletely encircles the duodenum
- Can cause duodenal obstruction
- Usually detected 3rd-6th decades of life
- Failure of ventral bud to rotate with duodenum
- Can cause pancreastitis, duodenal obstruction and biliary obstruction
Symptoms of annular pancreas
an be asymptomatic/incidental finding •Vomting •Abdominal pain •Post Prandial fullness •GI bleed (from peptic ulcer disease)
Sonographic appearance of annular pancreas
“•Complete: pancreatic parenchyma or annular duct is seen to completely surround the 2nd part of duodenum
•Incomplete: annulus does not surround the duodenum completely, giving a ‘crocodile jaw’ appearance”
pancreatic divisum
“•Congenital variant
•Dorsal pancreatic duct (main pancreatic and Santorini ducts) directly entering the minor papilla with no communication with the ventral duct (Wirsung)
•Most common duct variation
Symptoms of pancreatic divisum
Asymptomatic and chronic abdominal pain
Appearance of pancreatic divisusm
“•May create cystic dilation of the distal dorsal duct
•Congenital variant”
