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Peds > Milestones > Flashcards

Milestones Flashcards

1
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • chest up in prone
  • keeps head steady when held in a sitting position
A

2 months

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2
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • opens and closes hands
  • hands unfisted 50% of the time
A

2 months

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3
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- opens mouth at site of food or bottle

A

2 months

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4
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- able to recognize mother

A

2 months

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5
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • reciprocal smiling
  • makes sounds that show happiness or upset
A

2 months

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6
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • coos
  • social smile
A

2 months

Social smile at 6 weeks

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7
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • sits with trunk support
  • no head lag when pulled to sit
  • rolls front to back
A

4 months

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8
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • reaches
  • plays with fingers in midline
  • holds hands open
A

4 months

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9
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- briefly holds on to bottle

A

4 months

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10
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- mouths objects

A

4 months

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11
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • smiles spontaneously
  • stops crying at parents voice
A

4 months

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12
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- orients head in direction of voice

A

4 months

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13
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- laughs out loud

A

4 months

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14
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • sits momentarily propped on hands
  • pivots in prone on belly
  • rolls in both directions
A

6 months

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15
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • transfers hand to hand
  • bangs objects on surface
A

6 months

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16
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- places hands on bottle

A

6 months

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17
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- removes cloth on face

A

6 months

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18
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • recognizes familiar faces
  • stranger danger
A

6 months

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19
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • stops momentarily to “no”
  • gestures “up”
A

6 months

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20
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- babbles with vowels

A

6 months

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21
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • pulls to stand
  • crawls
A

9 months

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22
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • bangs two blocks together
  • lets go of objects intentionally
A

9 months

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23
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- bites, chews cookie

A

9 months

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24
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- plays peek a boo (object permanence)

A

9 months

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25
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • separation anxiety
  • waves “bye bye” and shakes head “no”
A

9 months

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26
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- follows directions with gestures

A

9 months

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27
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • imitates sounds
  • says “mama” and “dada” non-specifically
A

9 months

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28
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • some independent steps
  • stands without support
A

12 months

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29
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • holds crayon and makes mark
  • fine pincer grasp of pellet
  • drops object in cup
A

12 months

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30
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- finger feeds

A

12 months

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31
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- follows one step commands without gestures

A

12 months

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32
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • points in order to get desired object (proto-imperative pointing)
  • uses “mama” or “dada” specifically
A

12 months

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33
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • carries a ball while walking
  • throws a ball standing
A

18 months

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34
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- scribbles

A

18 months

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35
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • moves around house without adult
  • uses spoon
A

18 months

36
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • matches pairs of objects
  • knows ordinary objects
  • proto-declarative pointing!!!!
A

18 months

37
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • passes M-CHAT
  • engages in pretend play
  • throws temper tantrums
A

18 months

38
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • points to self
  • points to 2-3 objects when named
A

18 months

39
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • 10 to 25 word vocab
  • identifies 1+ body part
  • names at least 5 familiar objects
  • says and shakes head “no”
A

18 months

40
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • walks downstairs holding onto rail
  • kicks a ball
  • jumps off ground with 2 feet
A

24 months

41
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • draws line
  • stacks object
A

24 months

42
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • sucks through straw
  • pulls off pants
A

24 months

43
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- sorts objects

A

24 months

44
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • engages in parallel play
  • shows defiance
A

24 months

45
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- follows 2 step commands

A

24 months

46
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • uses 2-word sentences (noun + verb)
  • uses 50 words
  • uses words that are 50% understandable to strangers
A

24 months

47
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • balances on one foot for 3 seconds
  • pedals tricycle
  • climbs on/off chair or couch
A

3 yo

48
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • cuts with scissors side to side
  • strings small beads
  • copies circle
A

3 yo

49
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • puts on shoes
  • capable of toilet training
  • unbottons
A

3 yo

50
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • knows own gender and age
  • understands opposites
A

3 yo

51
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • imaginary play
  • takes turns
  • shows concern
  • fears emerge
A

3 yo

52
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- understands action words and simple propositions

A

3 yo

53
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • uses 3 word sentences
  • uses words that are 75% understandable to strangers
A

3 yo

54
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • hops
  • climbs stairs with alternating feet
  • balances on one foot for 4 seconds
A

4 yo

55
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • draws a simple cross
  • writes part of first name
  • uses scissors well
A

4 yo

56
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • goes to toilet alone
  • uses fork well
  • buttons
A

4 yo

57
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • can give amounts less than 5
  • names some colors and numbers
  • plays board/card games
A

4 yo

58
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • enjoys doing new things
  • enjoys playing with other children
A

4 yo

59
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • understands same and different
  • follows 3 step demands
A

4 yo

60
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • sings songs
  • uses 4-word sentences
  • says first and last name
  • uses words that are 100% understandable to strangers
A

4 yo

61
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • balances on one foot for 10 seconds or more
  • skips
  • somersault
  • jumps backward
A

5 yo

62
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • copies squares
  • writes first name
A

5 yo

63
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

- independent dressing

A

5 yo

64
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • counts to 10 or more
  • can print some letters/numbers
A

5 yo

65
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • knows right and left on self
  • understands adjectives
  • likes to rhyme
A

5 yo

66
Q

At what age would you expect a child to be:

  • defines simple words
  • uses future tense
  • says address
  • responds to why questions
A

5 yo

67
Q

What’s important to remember pertaining to childhood development?

A

Sequence of development is the same in all children but RATE varies

68
Q

Standard developmental screening is recommended at what age?

A

9, 18, and 24 or 30 months of age AND at every well child visit.

69
Q

What tools are used to assess childhood development?

A

SWYC - Survey of Wellbeing in Young Children
ASQ - Ages and Stages Questionnaire
PEDS - Parent’s Evaluation of Developmental Status

70
Q

MCHAT:

  • what is it?
  • at what age is it used?
  • which questions should be answered “no”?
A
  • what is it? Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers
  • at what age is it used? 16-30 months
  • which questions should be answered “no”?
    If the child ever seems oversensitive to noise (e.g., plugging ears)
    If the child makes unusual finger movements near his/her face
    If the caregivers have ever wondered if the child is deaf.
71
Q

To have cerebral palsy, what must happen?

A

Insult to the brain MUST occur prior to age three.

May occur in PRENATAL, perinatal, or postnatal period

72
Q

What would make you most concerned for the diagnosis of autism?

A

Regression in some children

73
Q

Develop an assessment and plan for a child with delayed milestones

A

Refer to a developmental pediatrician

Refer to early intervention (or the local school district)

Order any labs deemed appropriate

Educate the family

74
Q

Describe a way a mother may be able to enhance her child’s development.

A

Appropriate prenatal care - DHA, flu shot, Prenatal vitamins, staying healthy, rest

75
Q

Which age group has shorter periods of sleep throughout the day and night and sleeps 12-18 hours?

A

Newborns

76
Q

Which age group has 1 afternoon nap, switching from crib to bed?

A

1-3 yo

77
Q

Which age group sleeps 9-10 hours total and drops the nap?

A

3-5 yo

78
Q

Under what circumstances is a sleep study warranted?

A

Symptoms suggestive of physiologic sleep disorder (eg OSA, PLMD)

Behavioral insomnia unresponsive to therapy

79
Q

A child presents with sleep problems. You dx them with OSA. What is the first line treatment?

A

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

80
Q

What symptoms of OSA would warrant a T&A without needing to do a sleep study?

A

Nighttime symptoms: snoring

Daytime symptoms: hyperactivity, attention and learning problems, day time sleepiness

Big tonsils

81
Q

Which patient population should have a sleep study, regardless of symptoms?

A

Those with Down Syndrome

Should be done by 4 yo

82
Q

Which patient population should have a sleep study at time of diagnosis?

A

Those with achondroplasia

At risk for OSA, hypoventilation (restrictive lung physiology), and CSA (compression of medulla from foramen magnum stenosis)

83
Q

Which patient population should have a sleep study prior to initiation of Growth Hormone therapy?

A

Those with Prader-Willi syndrome

84
Q

List the criteria for restless leg syndrome?

A

Urge to move the legs at night & Occur more often at night

Worse during rest

Improved with movement

85
Q

What is the first line treatment for restless leg syndrome?

A

Supplemental iron - goal ferritin 50 to 100

Lifestyle (adequate sleep, physical activity)

86
Q

Symptoms of narcolepsy

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Cataplexy (tongue thrusting) - sudden, brief loss of voluntary muscle tone triggered by strong emotions such as laughter

Paralysis

Hallucinations

87
Q

Tx for narcolepsy

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness:
- Stimulants (Methylphenidate derivatives, Provigil)

Cataplexy:

  • SSRIs (Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine)
  • TCAs (triptyline, pramine)

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