Carbohydrates Flashcards
what are the three types of carb molecules?
Monosaccharides. disaccharides and polysaccharides
what are monosaccharides?
the single unit from which all other carbohydrates are made from - simple sugars
what are the three main types of monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose and galactose
what are structural isomers?
molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement in space
what are the two structural isomers of glucose and how are they different?
alpha and beta glucose - different on the orientation of hydrogen and OH- groups on carbon 1
what are disaccharides?
formed when two monosaccharides are joined together via a condensation reaction
what is the bond that forms between monosaccharides called?
glycosidic bond
what are the three different disaccharides?
maltose, sucrose and lactose
maltose
alpha glucose
sucrose
glucose and fructose
lactose
glucose and galactose
what is a hydrolysis reaction?
it’s a reaction which breaks a glycosidic bond between monomers using a water molecules
what is a polysaccharide?
a giant molecule made up from more than two monosaccharides via a condensation reaction
what are the three main polysaccharides?
starch, glycogen and cellulose
describe starch
- a mixture of two ps of alpha glucose - amylose and amylopectin
- amylose - long/unbranched = has a coiled structure and it’s insoluble in water - ideal energy storage compound
- amylopectin - long/branched = it has side branches which have enzymes that break down the glycosidic bond = glucose is released quickly
