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KP331 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is disability?

A

dynamic interaction between health conditions and contextual factors

largest minority group

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2
Q

What are the components of the ICF?

A

health condition

body functions - physiological functions of the body systems

activity - execution of action by individual

participation - involvement in life situation

environmental factors - physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives

personal factors - particular background of an individual life

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3
Q

What is meant by “functioning” on the ICF?

A

highlights positive and neutral aspects of interaction between health conditions and context

  • body functions and structures
  • activities
  • participation
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4
Q

What is by “disability” on the ICF?

A

highlights negative aspects of interaction between health conditions and context

  • impairments
  • activity limitations
  • participation restrictions
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5
Q

To be politically correct, what kind of language do we use to describe disability?

A

for a long time person-first was viewed as better

in certain communities they have recently said to prefer disability first (specifically Deaf and Autistic communities)

not so straight forward, can also depend how you’re talking about disability

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6
Q

What are the 4 main paradigms of viewing disability since 1900?

A

facilities-based
service-based
supports-based
empowerment and self-determination

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7
Q

Describe the facilities-based paradigm.

A

1900-1950

isolation and neglect

followed medical model

person viewed as patient in need of cure

condition resides in the person

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8
Q

Describe the service-based paradigm.

A

1950-1980

special programs/services

skill improvement

educational model

people defined as their disability

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9
Q

Describe the supports-based paradigm.

A

1980-1990

disability viewed as part of human variation

fluid, can enter into it and come out of it

difficulty resides in person-environment interaction

support allows person to function in inclusive environments

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10
Q

Describe the empowerment and self-determination paradigm.

A

1990-present

major decisions move to the individual, not experts

focus on choice, decision making, self-awareness, and self-regulated learning

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11
Q

What is different between the first 3 paradigms of disability and the empowerment and self-determination paradigm?

A

first 3 are paradigms of dependency

personal control, feelings, and values were not prioritized

assumed an expert was “in charge” of the facility, services, or supports

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12
Q

What are the 3 historical models of disability?

A

religious model
medical/genetic model
social/rights-based model

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13
Q

Describe the religious model of disability.

A

people with disabilities viewed as fundamentally different

demonization and victimization

care, mercy, shelter offered by religious institutions

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14
Q

Describe the medical/genetic model of disability.

A

defines disabilities and determines treatment/cure

disability is something need to be fixed

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15
Q

Describe the rights-based/social model of disability.

A

disability viewed as socio-political construct

dependence -> independence

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16
Q

What is today’s societal view of disability?

A

still view people with disabilities as “others” and different from “normal”
- severe consequences for those experiencing otherness

disability occurs when the cultural context in which someone lives does not accommodate their difference from the norm

little knowledge and awareness of disability in society

ignorance and negativity can have negative outcomes

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17
Q

What kinds of negative outcomes can result from ignorance or negativity surrounding disability?

A 
low self-esteem
reduced participation
disabled children being bullied
employer discrimination
being mocked by strangers
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18
Q

What was demonstrated in “The Quest for the Rainbow Bagel with Zach Anner”?

A

Google Maps told him it would be a 28 minute trip to the bagel store but it took him about 5 hours due to accessibility issues
- elevator issues, inaccessible subway entrances, being ignored on the street when asking for directions, step up to the store

living in one of the most accessible cities (New York) and this was still his experience

19
Q

What are some examples of disabling factors?

A

inadequate policies and standards

negative attitudes

lack of provision of services

problems with service delivery

inadequate funding

lack of accessibility

lack of consultation and involvement

lack of data and evidence

20
Q

What are some factors that make disability a social determinant of health?

A 
experience inequalities
subject to violations of dignity
denied autonomy
poor health outcomes
lower educational achievement
higher rates of poverty
difficulty living independently and participating in society
21
Q

What is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)?

A

recognition of denial of rights, lack of support, and exclusion that Canadians with disabilities face

each province and territory have provision in legislation regarding services for people with disabilities

22
Q

What is the AODA?

A

accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act

  • implemented in 2005, goal for accessible Ontario by 2025
  • applies to all Ontario organizations
  • aims to identify, removes, and prevent barriers for people with disabilities
23
Q

What are the 5 standards of the AODA?

A

customer service standard

information and communication standard

employment standard

transportation standard

design of public spaces standard

24
Q

How active are young people with disabilities?

A

more likely to be sedentary/inactive

25
Q

What are the benefits of physical activity for young people with disabilities?

A

reduced symptoms associated with disabilities

improved motor abilities

enhanced social skills

improved attention in school

increased community involvement

improved QOL and overall health

26
Q

What are the barriers to participating in physical activity for people with disabilities?

A

limited time (of self or parent)

other obligations

personal characteristics (i.e. lack of interest)

environmental characteristics

cost/fees

27
Q

What can I do to help better the lives of people with disabilities?

A

challenge and improve my own beliefs and attitudes

protect the rights of persons with disabilities

promote the inclusion and participation of disabled people in your community

challenge violence against and bullying of people with disabilities

28
Q

What “paradigm shift” needs to occur?

A

must move from viewing the individual as failing if they don’t do well in a program to viewing the program as not providing what the individual needs in order to succeed

29
Q

Who is most affected by disability?

A

older age (42% in 75+)

women > men
- except in 15-24 age group due to more accidental deaths

30
Q

Why do diagnoses spike at 5 years old? What disabilities are most common?

A

jump at 5 years because many diagnoses not made until entering school

most: learning and speech disabilities
- boys more than girls

diagnoses often comorbid

31
Q

What is FAS?

A

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

umbrella term for a variety of syndromes

leading cause of preventable birth defects and developmental disorder

intellectual, physical, and behavioural affects due to alcohol exposure during pregnancy

wide variability due to time consumed and total alcohol consumed

32
Q

Why is alcohol exposure in pregnancy so dangerous?

A

alcohol is a teratogen - affects the fetus before exiting the body rather than just being metabolized and moving out

causes permanent brain damage

people born with this more likely to drink during their own pregnancy - causes a cycle

33
Q

What is the incidence and prevalence of FASD?

A

9 in 1000 births affected by prenatal alcohol exposure
- 10-15/1000 in foster care or adoptive population

1-1.5% of children

equal rates in males and females

34
Q

What makes diagnosis FASD challenging?

A

mother has to admit to alcohol use which she may not want to for a variety of reasons

can be invisible in some cases

35
Q

What are some screening tools for FASD?

A

neurobehavioural screening

genetic screening

Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale

36
Q

How does FASD affect memory?

A

inconsistent memory and recall

delayed cognitive and auditory processing

difficulties learning and retaining information

37
Q

How does FASD affect communication and language?

A

delayed language development

stronger expressive than receptive skills

38
Q

How does FASD affect cognition?

A

typical IQ

atypical adaptive and executive functioning (ex. planning, emotion regulation, motivation, inhibition, etc.)

39
Q

How does FASD affect adaptive skills?

A

employment
finances
time management

difficulty learning from experience

impaired social judgement

poor life skills

40
Q

How does FASD relate to ADHD?

A

often comorbid

trouble staying on task and transitioning between tasks

fight or flight easily triggered

41
Q

How does FASD affect sensorimotor system?

A

often experience overstimulation

fine motor deficits

42
Q

What are some strategies to deal with common issues of FASD?

  1. gross and fine motor coordination difficulties
  2. inability to entertain oneself
  3. difficulty with affect regulation
A

gross and fine motor coordination = physical and occupational therapy

inability to entertain oneself = provide limited choices/structure, encourage creativity

difficulties with affect regulation = age-appropriate social skills training

43
Q

What are some co-occurring concerns with FASD?

A

mental health disorders (90%)

difficulty in employment stability

unable to live independently

alcohol and drug addiction

trouble with the law, incarceration

inappropriate sexual behaviours

44
Q

What are some compounding factors common in FASD?

A

poverty

parental mental illness

domestic violence and/or neglect

KP331 (13 decks)

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