Skin and wound healing

Question 1

functions of the skin include (7)

Answer 1

Protection against invasion by bacteria, foreign matter and physical injury.

Epidermis is relatively impermeable to many chemical substances, keratin waterproofs the skin, Melanin, a dark brown pigment in the skin, absorbs damaging ultraviolet radiation and protects it from light and heat rays.

Sensation and monitoring the environment. Nerve endings respond to temperature, pain, touch, pressure and vibration.

dehydrocholesterol found in the skin to vitamin D, which promotes calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Temperature regulation.

Acts as a blood reservoir

Prevention of water and electrolyte loss from the internal environment.

Regulates blood volume via the excretion of urea, sodium and water through sweating

Question 2

Wound healing where tissue loss prevents the close apposition of the wound edges such that wound healing involves granulation

Answer 2

Secondary intention

Question 3

Wound healing where the wound is intentionally kept open to allow edema or infection to resolve or to permit removal of exudate is classified as:

Answer 3

Tertiary intention

Question 4

Wound healing where there is little loss of tissue such that the wound edges are in close apposition allowing for closure using structures, clips, or glue is termed

Answer 4

Primary intention

Question 5

What shows the correct sequence of physiological events by which acute wound healing proceeds (4)

Answer 5

Inflammation
Cell proliferation
Reepitherlialisation
Maturation and remodeling

Question 6

During the proliferative phase of wound healing what does Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) stimulate

Answer 6

this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of endothelial cells allowing for the growth of new capillaries (termed angiogenesis) within the granulation tissue

Question 7

During the proliferative phase of wound healing what does Keratinocyte Growth Factor stimulate

Answer 7

this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of the epidermal cells allowing for reepithelialisation

Question 8

During the proliferative phase of wound healing, what does Fibroblast Growth Factor stimulate

Answer 8

this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of connective tissue cells within the dermis during the production of granulation tissue. By increasing connective tissue cell numbers (termed fibroplasia) allowing for an increase the production of new extracellular matrix proteins within the developing granulation tissue.

Question 9

During the inflammatory and proliferative phase of wound healing, what does Granualocyte Stimulating Factor stimulate

Answer 9

this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of white blood cells within the wound. During the inflammatory phase of wound healing this increases the clearance of dead and dying cells and increases the immunity to invading microorganisms

Question 10

For wound healing to proceed at the optimum possible rate a wound must have adequate (5)

Answer 10

Temperature
Moisture
Circulation
Oxygenation
Nutritional support due to the metabolic burden

Question 11

What is granulation tissue

Answer 11

The beefy red regenerative tissue that appears on the surface of healing wounds and is composed of extracellular matrix proteins (e.g collagen/elastin) and the buds of newly formed capillaries.

Question 12

What is slough

Answer 12

Appearing as slimy, stringy, gelatinous, clumpy or fibrinous necrotic tissue this devitalised tissue has separated from the wound bed.

Question 13

What is eschar

Answer 13

Appearing as desiccated crusty or leathery necrotic tissue this devitalised tissue forms dead patches of tissue covering the wound bed.

Question 14

What is necrotic tissue

Answer 14

Devitalised tissue in which the damaging effects of mechanical, thermal or chemical factors has resulted in completed cell death

Question 15

What is devitalised tissue

Answer 15

Literally meaning dead tissue.

Question 16

What is epithelialising tissue

Answer 16

Tissue in which the migration of newly created keratinocytes acts to resurface the wound bed.

Question 17

The connective tissue cell whose secretion of collagen and ground substance regulates extracellular matrix formation during normal tissue maintenance and wound healing is:

Answer 17

Fibroblast

Question 18

The phase of wound healing where the reorganization of collagen along the lines of tension, the size of the wound is reduced by the contraction of myofibroblasts and the reduction in the numbers of capillaries within the scar tissue causes the scar to whiten is termed:

Answer 18

remodelling or maturation phase

Question 19

What does integumentary mean

Answer 19

refers to the covering or coating, especially natural coatings like skin, shells, and rinds

Question 20

What are the diff layers of the skin

Answer 20

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

Question 21

4 main cell types found in epidermis and their function

Answer 21

Keratinocytes protect & prevent foreign substances from entering the body while minimizing the loss of moisture, heat, and other constituents.
melanocytes produce and contain the pigment called melanin
Langerhans cells reside in the epidermis as a dense network of immune system sentinels (they protect)
Merkel cells are very close to the nerve endings that receive the sensation of touch and may be involved in touch.
inflammatory cells

Question 22

What is a corpuscle?

Answer 22

Cell in an organism