Effects of labelling(Topic 2)

Question 1

Primary deviance

Answer 1

Deviant acts that have not been publicly labelled ; so widespread it’s unlikely to have a single cause e.g fare dodging
Little significance on individuals status or self concept

Question 2

Secondary deviance

Answer 2

Result of societal reaction (labelling) , being caught and publicly labelled the criminal can be stigmatised, shamed and excluded from society
Once they are labelled this becomes their master status where others only see them in terms of their label

Question 3

Deviant career

Answer 3

Secondary deviance is likely to create further hostile reactions and reinforce their outsider status leading to a deviant career
For example an ex convict finds it hard to go straight as no one will support him so seeks out outsiders support

Question 4

Young

Answer 4

In his study of hippy marijuana users in Notting Hill drugs were peripheral to their life style (primary deviance) however labelling and the control culture it led them to see themselves as outsiders and began to form a deviant subculture with drugs becoming central activist (self fulfilling prophecy)

Question 5

Deviance amplification spiral

Answer 5

Process which attempt to control deviance leads to an increase in the level of deviance (more control more deviance , escalating spiral)

Question 6

Cohen- mods and rockers (youth groups)

Answer 6

Press exaggeration and distorted reporting of events began moral panic calling for a crackdown , the police started arresting more youths which provoked an upward spiral of deviance

Question 7

Dark figure

Answer 7

Folk devils are opposite of the dark figure of crime as their actions are over labelled and over exposed to public view and authorities this draws resources away from punishing crimes of the dark figure

Question 8

Triplett

Answer 8

An increasing tendency to see young offenders as evil and less tolerant of minor deviance
The criminal justice system has re labelled status offences such as truancy as more serious offences which led to increased offending

Question 9

Braithwaite:Shaming

Answer 9

Disintegrative shaming - not only the crime but criminal is labelled as bad and excluded from society
Reintegration shaming - labels the act but not the actor ‘he has done a bad thing’

Question 10

Reintegrative shaming

Answer 10

Avoids stigmatising the offender but at the same time makes them aware of negative impact encouraging others to forgive them allowing the wrongdoer back in society and avoids pushing them into secondary deviance