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Theoretical Psychology > The theoretical theory of Wundt and James > Flashcards

The theoretical theory of Wundt and James Flashcards

1
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

1850-1900
Challenged the theory of association: mental processes = association (passive processes) + apperception (active processes, executive control)
apperception is missing, experimental approach and Non-experimental approach

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2
Q

Apperception

A

executive control, active processes. Mental processes proceed via association and non-associative mechanism (=apperception)
The process of understanding something perceived in terms of previous experience (introspection)

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3
Q

J. Catell

A

1850-1900

reading goes faster than naming colours

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4
Q

Wundt: frequency distributions of reaction times

A

Reflexive (automatic)
Apperceptive (attentive)
Mixed (natural distribution)

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5
Q

Experimental approach

A

Wundt: using introspection and measurement of reaction time (Donders)

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6
Q

Non-experimental approach

A

using comparitive research and logical analysis for complex mental processes

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7
Q

Ebbinghaus

A

1850-1900

nonsense syllables, forgetting curve. The rate of forgetting decreases with time

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8
Q

G. Müller (1850-1900)

A

Consolidation: explanation of retroactive memory interference, the forgetting curve, retrograde amnesia

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9
Q

Hall

A

1850-1900

Child study movement

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10
Q

Ribot

A

Ribot’s law: memory consolidation by the hippocampus

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11
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

1950-now

impairment in declarative memory in temporal lobe

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12
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

1950-now

procedural memory in basal ganglia and frontal lobe

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13
Q

Depression

A

1950-now

emotional memory in amygdala impaired

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14
Q

Külpe & Watt

A

1900-1950

Directed association: mental set and imageless thought

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15
Q

mental set

A

in their introspections, the task instruction steers someone into an appropriate response

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16
Q

Imageless thought

A

on many trials, there were no mental images mediating the response

17
Q

Posner and Raichle

A

1950-now
using of PET brain imaging. Blood flow increase in anterior cingulate cortex in Stroop task. Dorsal cognitive and ventral emotional

18
Q

G. Müller vs. Selz

A

Müller: associative theory of goal-directed association

Selz: symbolic/procedural theory of goal directed association. IF-THEN rules

19
Q

Selz

A

1900-1950

symbolic/procedural theory of goal directed association. IF-THEN rules

20
Q

Miller and Cohen

A

1950-now

theory similar to Müller about associative theory

21
Q

Roelofs

A

1950-now

Proposed a theory similar to Selz

22
Q

W. James

A

1850-1900
selective attention and habit: refers to executive control and the strongest association. Selective attention has a survival value

23
Q

Selective attention

A

helps us steer our behavior in accordance with our goals

24
Q

Habits

A

they allow for fast responding at low metabolic costs

25
Q

Mary Calkins

A

1850-1900

paired associations

26
Q

Posner and Rothbart

A 
1950-now
three networks for attention:
- Alerting: reach and maintain attention
- Orienting: move focus
- Executive control: goal-direct & respond
27
Q

Titchener

A

1900-1950

Structuralism

28
Q

Structuralism

A

structural content of the mind. Tried to reduce consciousness by instrospection

29
Q

Angell

A

1900-1950

Functionalism

30
Q

Functionalism

A

mental operations and their neurobiological underpinnings

31
Q

Robert Woodworth

A

1900-1950
Columbia bible
Independent and dependent variables

32
Q

Herbert Simon

A

1950-now
return to introspection: tower of Hanoi and tower of London in clinics.
return to Selz: control by procedural knowledge

33
Q

John Stroop

A

1900-1950
color-word tasks for studying executive control.
Most difficult in reading words in wrong color

Theoretical Psychology (4 decks)

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