Pedia N Flashcards
Gross-Motor Development
0 month: head lag (to 1 month)
2 months: lift head on prone position
4 months: lift head and chest on prone position
5 months: roll over (RF falls)
6 months: sit with support
7 months: bounces foot on mouth (Preparation for walking and standing later on)
8 months: sit w/o support
9 months: crawling and creeping
10: stand w/ support
11: cruising
12: stand w/o support, walk with support
15: walk alone
18: Jump
3y/o: Run/tribike
Fine-Motor Development
1-3 months: close fist
5: close + open/hold (rattle)
7: crude pincer grasp (transfer object to other hand)
9: neat pincer grasp (RF aspiration/choking/poisoning)
12: throw ball, uses spoon
15: drinking from a cup
2 y/o: vertical and horizontal line
3: Circle, curve, cross
4: square, rectangle
5: triangle, diamond, star
6: draws all shapes
Language Development
1-2 months: cry
3: coos, bubbles
4: vowel sounds, laugh loud
5: consonant sounds
7: mmmm cry
9: 2 vocabulary words = (mama + dada)
12: 4 words (Mama, papa + 2 more vocab words)
2 y/o: 50 words
3: 100 words
4: 200-300 words
RHOGAM
- Preventive treatment: ______
- Give mother 2 doses in 1 preganancy
- 1st: ________
- 2nd: _______
- Mother must be _____ Coomb’s test
RHOGAM
- Preventive treatment: Rh incompatibility
- Give mother 2 doses in 1 preganancy
- 1st: During pregnancy: 7 months
- 2nd: 42-78 hrs after pregnancy
- Mother must be neg (-) Coomb’s test
JAUNDICE
- Physiologic:
- Pathologic:
Treatment?
JAUNDICE
- Physiologic: after 24 hours
- usually appears 3-5 days after delivery
- Pathologic: abnormal, within 24 hours
Treatment: Phototherapy
Cyanosis (Acrocyanosis)
- Normal:
- Abnormal:
Central Cyanosis: Normal or Abnormal?
Cyanosis
** Opposite sila ng jaundice
- Normal: within 24 hours; acrocyanosis
- Abnormal: after 24 hours
- Central Cyanosis* is ABN!
- Cause: CHD!!!!
FONTANELS
Anterior:
- Also called ______; ______
- Shape: _______
- Closing: _____ months
Posterior:
- Also called ______; ______
- Shape: _______
- Closing: _____ months
Sunken Fontanels?
Bulging Fontanels?
Delayed closure?
Early closure?
FONTANELS
Anterior:
- Sinciput; Bregma
- Shape: Diamond
- Closing: 12-18 months
Posterior:
- Occiput; Vertex
- Shape: Triangular
- Closing: 2-3 months
Sunken Fontanels? DEHYDRATION
Bulging Fontanels? Inc. ICP; HYDROCEPHALUS but normal in:
- Crying baby
- defecating baby
Delayed closure: HYDROCEPHALUS
Early closure (Craniosynostosis): abn, no space for brain development –> MENTAL RETARDATION!
TODDLER
TODDLER (1-3 y/o)
R. E. N. T.
Ritualistic
- Temper tantrum: (1) Safety: Helmet/pillow; (2) Ignore behavior
- Security Object
Ego centric
- Self-centered: PARALLEL play
Negativism: NO
Toileting/Toothbrushing
- 18 months (maturation: sphincter)
- Bowel
- Bladder: (1) Daytime, (2) Nightime control
- Toothbrushing: 30 mons (2 1/2 yrs)
Priority: Safety!!!!! Use helmet/pillow
PRE-SCHOOLER
PRE-SCHOOLER
ADOLESCENT
ADOLESCENT (13-18)
- inc growth and development
*
POST-TONSILECTOMY
- wof: bleeding
- fresh blood (bright red); frequent swallowing
- no dark colored foods
- clear & cold fluids –> vasoconstriction; dec risk for bleeding
- NO ice cream, YES popsicles (but not red or dark colored)
JONES CRITERIA
JONES CRITERIA
CYANOTIC or ACYANOTIC?
- TOF
- ASD
- VSD
- Transposition of Great Arteries
- PDA
- Truncus Arteriorus
- Shunting from L to R
- Shunting from R to L
- TOF - cyanotic
- ASD - acya
- VSD - acya
- Transposition of Great Arteries - cyanotic
- PDA - acya
- Truncus Arteriorus - cyanotic
- Shunting from L to R - acyanotic
- Shunting from R to L - cyanotic
DIGOXIN/LANOXIN
- DOC for: _________
- ___ Inotrope: ___ cardiac contraction
- ___ chronitropic: ___ heart rate
- Antidote?
DIGOXIN/LANOXIN
- DOC for congestive heart failure
- (+) Inotrope: Inc cardiac contraction
- (-) chronitropic: dec heart rate
-
Nursing responsibilities:
- apical HR
- K (3.5-5 meq/L) -> Hypokal inc. risk of toxicity!!
- Antidote: Digibind at bedside
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
- Name all cardiac defects
- Primary cardiac defect?
- position?
- heart shape?
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
- VSD
- Pulmonic valve stenosis - Primary cardiac defect
- Overriding of aorta
- R-sided cardiomegaly/R ventricular hypertrophy
Tet Spell: Squat position
- Just observe –> good for the client, compensatory
- If hindi nagsquat –> 1st intervention: promote knee-chest position
Boot-shaped heart
COARCTATION OF AORTA
- Narrowing of the ______ aorta
COARCTATION OF AORTA
- Narrowing of the descending aorta
- Lower extremities:
- Absence of femoral pulses
- hypotension
- Upper extremity:
- hypertension
- bounding pulses
