Enquiry Question 3: How successful is the management of tectonic hazards and disasters?

Question 1

In 2014, an energy announcement in Japan said that by 2030, what % of energy could be generated from nuclear power?

Answer 1

20-22%

Question 2

When was the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland?

Answer 2

March 2010

Question 3

How many commercial flights were cancelled across Europe, due to the Icelandic eruption?

Answer 3

Over 100,000

Question 4

Due to the flight disruption African countries like Kenya and Zambia were affected. In total, how much did the African countries lose due to the airspace shutdown?

Answer 4

$65 million

Question 5

In 2015, what was the population of the Philippines?

Answer 5

101 million

Question 6

What are some warning signs (precursors) of an earthquake?

Answer 6

a) Characteristic pattern of foreshocks
b) Physical change
c) Chemical change i.e. sulphur release
d) Biological change – animal behaviour

Question 7

What are some warning signs (precursors) of a volcano?

Answer 7

a) Rising magma causing tremors
b) Changes of the shape of the surface
c) Changes to the tilt of the volcano

Question 8

When does mitigation of a disaster take place?

Answer 8

Before and after events

Question 9

When does preparedness of a disaster take place?

Answer 9

Before an event

Question 10

When does the response of a disaster take place?

Answer 10

During an event

Question 11

When does the recovery of a disaster take place?

Answer 11

After an event

Question 12

What is the name of the model that shows how a country or region might respond after a hazard and is used to directly compare how areas of different levels of development recover?

Answer 12

Park Model (hazard-response curve)

Question 13

What is the name for strategies used to avoid, delay or prevent hazard events?

Answer 13

Hazard Mitigation

Question 14

What is the name for strategies designed to reduce the impacts of hazard events?

Answer 14

Hazard Adaption

Question 15

Land-use zoning is used around which volcano in New Zealand?

Answer 15

Mount Taranaki

Question 16

The diversion of lava flows occurred during which volcanic event?

Answer 16

Mount Etna, Italy

Question 17

During what year did this volcanic event take place?

Answer 17

1983

Question 18

GIS mapping was used in which country during a disaster in 2015?

Answer 18

Nepal

Question 19

The design of earthquake proof buildings built from straw bales held together by strong plastic netting are used in which country?

Answer 19

Pakistan

Question 20

The use of Satellite-Communication Technology is uses scientific instruments to transmit data from monitoring equipment on volcanoes or ocean floors for tsunamis. How often is data collected from the sea floor and transmitted to ground stations?

Answer 20

Every 15 seconds

Question 21

In 2011, how did the Japanese government used mobile phone technology?

Answer 21

They sent out text messages warning of the earthquake.

Question 22

During the Nepal earthquake of 2015, how was data collected from remote locations to create the crisis maps?

Answer 22

Volunteers rode bicycles with GPS trackers

Question 23

How many times a year do Japanese children practise earthquake drills?

Answer 23

4 times

Question 24

During the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, what did the Moken tribe in Thailand notice, that led to their safety?

Answer 24

Unusual movements in the Bay of Bengal

Question 25

As a result of their education, how many of the 200 elders’ died as a result of the tsunami?

Answer 25

1

Question 26

‘NGO’ stands for what?

Answer 26

Non-government organisation

Question 27

What magnitude of the earthquake in Pakistan on 8th October 2005?

Answer 27

7.6

Question 28

How many people died as a result of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan?

Answer 28

73,000, including 17,000 children.

Question 29

What did the NGO’s provide in the 2005 Pakistan earthquake?c

Answer 29

a) Over 500,000 tents
b) 6 million blankets
c) Safe water for over 700,000 people

Question 30

After the 2005 Pakistan earthquake, Oxfam helped how many people rebuild their livelihoods by providing livestock and animal feed?

Answer 30

Nearly 60,000

Question 31

In what year did the NGO’s in Pakistan move onto the recovery phase?

Answer 31

2007

Question 32

In 2011, how much were the worldwide losses from earthquakes?

Answer 32

US$54 billion