Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Main joints

Answer 1

Fibrous (fixed so teeth or skull)
Cartilagenous (semi-mobile so spine)
Synovial (very freely moveable so knee or hip)

Question 2

Cartilage

Answer 2

Reduced friction and prevents bones from rubbing.

Question 3

Synovial fluid

Answer 3

Contained by synovial membrane. The cavity is for cushioning and protects the cartilage.

Question 4

Ligaments

Answer 4

Connect bones together

Question 5

Tendons

Answer 5

Attach muscle to bone

Question 6

Patella

Answer 6

Kneecap

Question 7

Main types of muscle

Answer 7

Smooth (wall of organs made up of actin and myosin and is involuntarily moved) 
Cardiac muscle (heart muscle that is myogenic and involuntary) 
Skeletal muscle (pulls on bones for movement and posture for example tendons)

Question 8

Musculoskeletal

Answer 8

Purpose is to support and move. Muscles contain lots of mitochondria to produce atp. Muscle contraction is initiated by an action potential.

Question 9

Spine structure

Answer 9

Made up of small bones called vertebrates. Cartilage is between each bone for cushioning and protection. The spine protects the spinal cord (cns).

Question 10

Antagonistic pairs

Answer 10

Muscles working in pairs to bring about movement

Question 11

Agonist

Answer 11

Contracting muscle in an antagonistic pair

Question 12

Antagonist

Answer 12

Relaxing muscle in an antagonistic pair

Question 13

Sliding filament theory

Answer 13

When the muscle contracts the z band (outside lines) gets smaller. The myosin pulls the actin inwards and this causes more overlap of the myosin and actin and a more thick appearance. As more filaments contract it causes the whole muscle to contract. When the muscle relaxes, myosin releases the actin so they slide back over each other. Actin is thin and myosin is thick.

Question 14

Myofibrils

Answer 14

Run down muscles and is the site of contraction so contains lots of ATP.