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Respiratory > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What is asthma?

A

Recurrent episodes of dyspnoea, cough and wheeze caused by reversible airways obstruction

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2
Q

What three mechanisms contribute to the symptoms of asthma?

A

Bronchial muscle contraction, mucosal inflammation, increased mucus production

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3
Q

What are symptoms of asthma?

A

Intermittent dyspnoea, wheeze, cough that’s often nocturnal, sputum

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4
Q

What can precipitate asthma?

A

Cold air, exercise, emotion, allergens like animals, smoking

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5
Q

What conditions are associated with asthma?

A

Disturbed sleep, acid reflux, other atopic disease

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6
Q

What tests can you do?

A

Peak expiratory flow, spirometry, FEV1:FVC

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7
Q

What are differential diagnoses?

A

Pulmonary oedema, COPD, large airway obstruction

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8
Q

Generally, what are the steps for treatment?

A

SABA –> low dose ICS –> leukotriene receptor antagonist –> LABA

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9
Q

What do beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists do?

A

Relax bronchial smooth muscle

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10
Q

Give an example of a SABA

A

Salbutamol

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11
Q

Give an example of a LABA

A

Salmeterol

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12
Q

What do corticosteroids do?

A

Decrease bronchial mucosal inflammation

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13
Q

Give a brand name of beclometasone

A

Clenil modulite

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14
Q

How do you monitor asthma?

A

At home peak expiratory flow rate monitoring, check ups

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15
Q

What is a complication of asthma?

A

Exacerbations

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16
Q

Describe a moderate asthma attack

A

Increasing symptoms, PEF >50-75% of best

17
Q

Describe a severe asthma attack

A

Unable to complete sentences, resp rate >25, pulse rate >110, PEV 33-50%

18
Q

Describe a life threatening asthma attack

A

PEF <33%, silent chest, cyanosis, bradycardia or hypotension, exhaustion, confusion or coma, ABG high CO2, O2 <92, low pH

19
Q

What is a side effect of salbutamol?

A

Fine tremor

20
Q

What are side effects of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Oral candida, stunted growth in children

Respiratory (14 decks)

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