8 - The Endocrine System

Question 1

The endocrine system

Answer 1

Is a series of glands that produce and secrete hormones that the body uses for a wide range of functions

Question 2

Bodily functions that the endocrine function helps with

Answer 2

• respiration
• metabolism
• reproduction

Helps to play an important role in homeostasis because hormones regulate activity of the body cells

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

Molecules that signal a target cell to “do something”

Question 5

Label the location of the major endocrine organs in the human body

Answer 5

• hypothalamus
• pituitary gland
• pineal gland
• thyroid gland
• Thymus
• adrenal gland
• pancreas
• ovaries
• testes

Question 6

Role of the pineal gland

Answer 6

Secretes melatonin

Question 7

Role of the hypothalamus

Answer 7

Responsible for the metabolic process

Question 8

Role of the pituitary gland

Answer 8

Senses the bodies needs and sends signals

Question 9

Role of the thyroid gland

Answer 9

Metabolism, growth, heart, digestive function

Question 10

Role of the adrenal gland

Answer 10

Enables the body to deal with stress and controls energy

Question 11

Role of the pancreas

Answer 11

• AIDS in food digestion

- controlling energy levels of blood

Question 12

Role of the ovaries

Answer 12

Produces eggs

Question 13

Role of the testes

Answer 13

Produces Sperm

Question 14

Circulating hormones

Answer 14

Travel around the body in the blood.

Examples: Adrenaline and testosterone

Question 15

Local hormones

Answer 15

Act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream and are usually inactivated quickly.

Examples: glucagon and Seratonin

Question 16

The release of hormones

Answer 16

Release of most hormones occur in short bursts yet some occur over long periods of time in order to stimulate permanent changes in the body

Question 17

What do hormones affect

Answer 17

Hormones effect only specific target cells by chemically binding to specific receptors

Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands to regulate and coordinate a range of bodily functions

Question 18

Explain how circulating hormones are regulated

Answer 18

• signal from the nervous system such as adrenaline
• chemical changes in the blood such as insulin
• other hormones such as growth hormones

Question 19

Explain the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

Answer 19

• both responsible for maintaining homeostasis
• both apart of the brain
• the pituitary is located under the hypothalamus
• the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland
• Neurohormones from the hypothalamus directly affect the pituitary gland
• nerve impulses from the hypothalamus also stimulate the pituitary gland

The pituitary gland secretes growth hormones that help regulate a wide range of bodily functions including growth, water and temperature regulation

Question 20

Positive feedback loops

Answer 20

• when a product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction / reinforce or increase changes in controlled conditions
• an event will occur to discontinue the feedback
• generally control infrequent conditions

Examples: Urine contractions / childbirths

Question 21

Negative feedback loops

Answer 21

When a product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction / reverse system in the controlled condition / brings the body back to balance

Example: most feedback mechanism s regulate hormones in the human body

Question 22

Adrenaline

It’s job
It’s effects

Answer 22

Increase heart rate

• prepares the body for a flight or fight response
• increase heart rate
• increase blood pressure
• dizziness
• enlarging pupils
• tunnel vision
• hearing loss
• slow digestion
• shaking
• dry mouth

Question 23

Nor-adrenaline

Answer 23

Decreases heart rate

Question 24

What is ADH and it’s function

Answer 24

Anti-diuretic

Hormones helps to control blood pressure by acting in the kidneys and he blood vessels. It’s most important role is to conserve the fluid volume of your body by reducing the amount of water passed out in urine

When someone is dehydrated ADH will absorb more water