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Shae Cards > T4 malaria / tick illness > Flashcards

T4 malaria / tick illness Flashcards

1
Q

Which mosquito most often carries Malaria?

A

Female Anopholes

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2
Q

What are the 5 forms of malaria protozoa?

A

Plasmodium:

  • falciparum (Africa)
  • vivax (India and S. america)
  • ovale
  • malariae
  • knowlesi (SE asia-Malaysia)
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3
Q

Deaths from malaria occur most often in which age group?

A

Children

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4
Q

Areas of concern for malaria?

A

Central america
South america
india
africa

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5
Q

Other modes of transmission for Malaria besides mosquito?

A

Transfusion
organ transplant
needle sharing
mother to fetus

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6
Q

Mosquito bite prevention?

A
  • Insect repellent
  • anopheles nocturnal feeders
  • mosquito netting
  • permethrin clothes
  • chemoprophylaxis
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7
Q

______is a medication for malaria chemoprophylaxis. Used primarily for central america.

A

Chloroquine

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8
Q

Timeframe needed to take chloroquine?

A

Weekly dosing through 4 weeks after return

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9
Q

Other chemoprophylaxis used for malaria which has no resistance to date?

A

Atovaquone / Proguanil (Malarone)

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10
Q

Timeframe needed to take Atovaquone?

A

Daily dosing to continue through 7 days after return

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11
Q

Which chemoprophylaxis can cause SE including depression, confusion, night terrors, hallucinations?

A

Mefloquine (Lariam)

Weekly dosing to continue through 4 weeks after return

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12
Q

Which chemoprophylaxis is the only one approved in pregnancy?

A

Mefloquine (Lariam)
or
chloroquine

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13
Q

Which chemoprophylaxis has some resistance in Cambodia, Laos, Burma?

A

Mefloquine (Lariam)

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14
Q

Doxycycline can be used as chemoprophylaxis for malaria. What should you be cautious about?

A

Sun sensitivity

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15
Q

T/F: Primaquine is used alone as a prophylaxis for Ovale.

A

False: it is not used as single agent.

used for vivax

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16
Q

Which med(s) should not be given to G6PD deficiency patients?

A

Primaquine

Tafenoquine

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17
Q

Typical s/sx of malaira?

A

Cyclical:

Fever, chills, HA, myalgias

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18
Q

S/Sx of severe cases of malaria?

A 
Seizures
confusion
RF
ARDS
Coma
death
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19
Q

Gold standard test for Malaria?

A

Thick and thin blood smears

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20
Q

Standard treatment in the US for malaria/

A

Atovaquone/Proquanil

4 tablets PO qd x 3 days

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21
Q

Referred to as “bone break fever”?

A

Dengue Fever

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22
Q

T/F: dengue fever is a mosquito borne virus?

A

True

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23
Q

S/Sx of dengue fever

A

fatigue
fever
EXTREME muscle and body aches

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24
Q

Areas that have Dengue fever

A

asia
central A.
South A.
Africa

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25
Q

Tx for dengue fever

A

Supportive

Avoid NSAIDs

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26
Q

Mosquito known to carry West Nile Virus

A

Culex mosquito

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27
Q

S/Sx of West nile

A

HA, AMS, fever, body aches, sometimes rash, meningitis, FLACCID PARALYSIS

28
Q

Dx for west nile

A

IgG and IgM serologies in blood os CSF

29
Q

Tx for West Nile

A

supportive

30
Q

Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi causes what disease

A

Lyme disease

31
Q

Ixodes ricinus is also called the

A

Deer tick and carries lyme

32
Q

Incubation of lyme disease

A

3-32 days

33
Q

Name the characteristic rash in lyme

A

erythema migrans (bullseye rash)

34
Q

How many stages of lyme disease are there.

A

3

35
Q

Stage 1 of lyme is early infection. What S/Sx would you see.

A

Erythema migrans

fever, myalgias, fatigue

36
Q

Stage 2 of lyme you would see what?

A

Conduction abnormalities (AV block)

37
Q

Stage 3 of lyme is persistent infection. What type of sx would you see.

A

Arthritis type sx

38
Q

Tx of Lyme disease

A 
Doxycycline 
100mg PO bid x 21 days
kids /prego
Amoxicillin 
50mg/kg/day (q 8 hr dosing) x14-21 days
39
Q

Babesia is carried by what kind of tick

A

Ixodes scapularis

40
Q

S/Sx of Babesia

A 
hemolytic anemia and fatigue
body aches
\+/- fever
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
41
Q

Dx of babesia is made by seeing what is RBCs

A

Maltese cross formation in RBC

42
Q

Tx for Babesia

A

Atovaquone 750mg PO BID
AND
Azithromycin 500-1000mg qd x7-10 days

43
Q

Rickettsia ricketsi from tick or fleas causes what illness?

A

Spotted fever

44
Q

S/Sx of spotted fever?

A

Fever
HA
abd pain
MACULOPAPULAR RASH progressing to petechiae (hands/feet then body)

45
Q

Dx of Spotted fever?

A

PCR

Acute and convalescent sera (wait 4 weeks for dx)

46
Q

Tx of Spotted fever?

A

Doxycycline

100mg PO BID x14d

47
Q

Tx of Spotted fever in pregnant women /kids?

A

Doxycycline
100mg PO BIDx14d
(chloramphenicol also considered for prego)

48
Q

Anaplasma and ehrlichia are both _____ borne illnesses

A

tick

49
Q

In anaplasma and ehrlichia what would you see in the WBC?

A

Morulae (inclusions in WBC)

50
Q

Dx of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia?

A

Serology

51
Q

Tx for anaplasma and Ehrlichia?

A

Doxycycline

52
Q

Colorado Tick fever is a _______ infection carried by ______ or ______?

A

Viral infection

Fleas and ticks

53
Q

What states is CTF found in?

A

Colorado and Idaho

54
Q

S/Sx of CTF?

A 
Fever
Rash
HA, pain behind eyes
Low platelets
increased liver enzymes
55
Q

Tx for CTF?

A

Self limiting

Supportive

56
Q

How long should men wait to have intercourse after being in a zika area?

A

3-6 months

57
Q

What are cross reactants with testing for zika virus?

A

West nile

Dengue

58
Q

Testing for zika?

A

Serum / urine PCR

Serum IgM

59
Q

Main risks from Zika?

A

Congenital birth defects

Microcephaly

60
Q

Yellow fever is caused by _______ virus carried by what kind of mosquito

A

Flavivirus

Aedes aegypti

61
Q

Incubation time for yellow fever?

A

3-6 days

62
Q

Acute sx of yellow fever?

A 
acute fever
myalgias
HA
Backache
N/V
63
Q

Progression sx of yellow fever?

A 
jaundice
hemorrhagic sx
shock
multiorgan failure
Death 50% of cases
64
Q

Dx of yellow fever?

A

Mainly clinical due to problems with serolgy and Nucleic acid testing

65
Q

Tx for yellow fever?

A

None

avoid NSAIDS - increased risk of hemorrhage

66
Q

Prevention of yellow fever?

A

Live virus vaccine (avoid in prego, immuno comp, biologics, chemo)
Caution in age>60

Shae Cards (12 decks)

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