Plan Making and Implementation2

Question 1

First full-time planner employed by American city?

Answer 1

Harland Bartholomew, St. Louis, 1916

Question 2

What was the first comprehensive city plan?

Answer 2

Cincinnati Plan, 1925

Question 3

Where/when was the first regional planning agency founded?

Answer 3

Atlanta, 1949, Atlanta Metropolitan Council

Question 4

What was the significance of Stuart Chapin’s Urban Land Use Planning?

Answer 4

The first textbook on planning presenting a holistic methodology for creating a plan

Question 5

What is the Delphi technique?

Answer 5

Relies upon receiving input from individuals with different types of expertise or knowledge. The views of each are presented and considered in successive rounds of questions, with each round working toward greater clarification of an issue

Question 6

What is a comprehensive plan?

Answer 6

Scope is usually an entire municipality or county. Addresses both short- and long-term planning concerns as well as demographic trends, current and future land use, economic development, environmental constraints, transportation planning, housing and implementation

Question 7

What is a capital facilities plan?

Answer 7

A plan for roads, bridges, sewer lines; estimates future needs and sources of funding, 5-6 year schedule

Question 8

What is a capital improvement program?

Answer 8

A plan that details potential financing for capital improvements through the use of bonds, special districts, TIF

Question 9

What is the difference between a goal and an objective?

Answer 9

A goal is a desired state of affairs to which planning efforts are directed. Goals are usually value-based statements. Objective is also value-based by offers more specific, measurable statements of how to achieve the desired ends.

Question 10

What is a policy?

Answer 10

A general rule for action that outlines how the goals and objectives of a plan should be realized

Question 11

What is the role of the planning commission?

Answer 11

Makes recommendations to the city governing body on short- and long-range planning, development review, etc

Question 12

What is the role of the ZBA?

Answer 12

Makes recommendation to governing body on variances, special use permits, appeals of decisions made by zoning officer

Question 13

What is rational planning?

Answer 13

Old approach to planning; ideas was that planner, with a vast supply of knowledge, would identify a problem, set goals and objectives, identify and evaluate alternatives, select best alternative and implement the plan

Question 14

What is incremental planning?

Answer 14

Charles Lindblom as a response to rational planning; acknowledges that changes are made in increments

Question 15

What is advocacy planning?

Answer 15

This model takes the perspective that there are large inequalities in the political system and in the bargaining process between groups that result in large numbers of people unorganized and unrepresented in the process. It concerns itself with ensuring that all people are equally represented in the planning process by advocating for the interests of the underprivileged and seeking social change

Question 16

Who was Saul Alinsky?

Answer 16

He developed a vision of planning centered around community organizing (led to advocacy planning)

Question 17

Who is Sherry Arnstein?

Answer 17

Wrote Ladder of Participation

Question 18

Who is Paul Davidoff?

Answer 18

Father of advocacy planning; said planners shouldn’t be value neutral but instead should represent special needs and interest groups

Question 19

What are the steps in project management?

Answer 19

Initiate, plan, execute, control, close

Question 20

What is the role of the planning director?

Answer 20

• communication of agency goals to subordinates
• motivation of subordinates
• reporting the agency’s work and accomplishments

Question 21

What is a Gantt chart?

Answer 21

Used in project management to organize and allocate time among various tasks

Question 22

What is PERT?

Answer 22

Program Evaluation Review Technique; shows how different tasks are related, depicts tasks and duration of tasks using forked lines; used to reallocate available resources among tasks in order to keep the project on time and on budget

Question 23

What is CPM?

Answer 23

Critical Path Method; similar to PERT, shows what tasks must be completed before another task may happen. Used to model the activities of a project as a network and show which activities are critical to the project and which are not.

Question 24

What is a decision matrix?

Answer 24

This approach uses a table, with various alternatives in the rows and various impact factors in the columns. Factors are weighted and different possible outcomes are compared.

Question 25

What is a line item budget?

Answer 25

A traditional municipal budget is a line item budget. They divide expenditures into categories such as equipment and personnel. Not easily used as a management tool.

Question 26

What is a performance budget?

Answer 26

Organizes expenditures by the services they fund and sets evaluation standards for each service. Used as a management tool.

Question 27

Planning Programming Budgetary System (PPBS)

Answer 27

Divides govt ops into program components rather than objectives of expenditure. Focuses on fundamental objectives of a program, identifies future implications of current budgeting decisions, considers all costs and analyzes alternatives; developed by Robert McNamara at DOD

Question 28

What is zero-base budgeting?

Answer 28

Not based on the previous year’s budget. Each year’s budget starts at a base of zero and each program and expenditure in the budget must be justified annually; developed by Texas Instruments in the 70s

Question 29

What is the Dayton System?

Answer 29

Simplified combination of PPBS and Zero Based Budgeting. Programs are listed in rows and categories such as responsible dept, time required, etc, are listed as columns

Question 30

What is a Capital Improvement Program (CIP)?

Answer 30

A multi-year scheduling of public physical improvements based on fiscal analysis and population projections. 5-6 year period