oesophageal cancer? Flashcards
1
Q
define oesophageal cancer?
A
● Malignant tumour arising in the oesophagus
2
Q
what are the two main types of oesophageal cancer?
A
o Squamous cell carcinoma
• Used to be the most common
o Adenocarcinoma
• Most common now especially in patients with GORD or Barrett’s.
3
Q
risk factors of adenocarcinoma?
A
- GORD
- Barrett’s oesophagus
- smoking
- achalasia
- obesity
4
Q
risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma?
A
- smoking
- alcohol
- achalasia
- Plummer-Vinson syndrome
- diets rich in nitrosamines
5
Q
main presenting complaints of oesophageal carcinoma?
A
● Progressive dysphagia ● Odynophagia ● Regurgitation ● Anorexia and weight loss ● Vomiting ● Choking after food ● Voice hoarseness ● Melaena ● Cough
6
Q
first line investigation for oesophageal cancer?
A
upper GI endoscopy
7
Q
gold standard investigation for oesophageal cancer?
A
Endoscopy
8
Q
how can staging be undertaken?
A
● Metastatic staging: CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis
● Local staging: endoscopic USS
