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Microbiology - Foundation Module > Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mycoses > Flashcards

Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is defined as group of diseases caused by fungus, such as ringworm or thrush.

A

Mycoses

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2
Q

Medical mycoses can be divided into four categories.

A

Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
Systemic
Opportunistic

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3
Q

Anatomic location of cutaneous mycoses is ______________

A

Dead layer of skin, hair, and nails

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4
Q

Anatomic location of subcutaneous mycoses is _____________

A

Subcutis

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5
Q

Anatomic location of systemic mycoses is ____________

A

Internal organs

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6
Q

Anatomic location of opportunistic mycoses is ___________

A

Internal organs

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7
Q

Tinea versicolor caused by Malassezia is an example of __________________

A

Cutaneous mycoses

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8
Q

Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is an example of cutaneous mycoses caused by __________ (Microsporum/Sporothrix)

A

Microsporum

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9
Q

Dermatophytosis is caused by _____________ (Coccidioides/Trichophyton)

A

Trichophyton

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10
Q

Dermatophytosis is caused by _____________ (Epidermophyton/Candida)

A

Epidermophyton

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11
Q

Seriousness of illness in Tinea versicolor is _____

A

+1

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12
Q

Seriousness of illness in dermatophytosis is _____

A

+2

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13
Q

Sporotrichosis caused by ___________ is an example of subcutaneous mycoses.

A

Sporothrix

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14
Q

Mycetoma is an example of ___________ mycoses

A

Subcutaneous

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15
Q

Seriousness of illness in sporotrichosis is _____

A

+2

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16
Q

Seriousness of illness in mycetoma is ______

A

+2

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17
Q

Coccidioidomycosis caused by Coccidioides is an example of ____________ mycoses

A

systemic

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18
Q

Cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus is an example of _________ mycoses

A

opportunistic

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19
Q

Blastomycosis caused by blastomyces is an example of _____________ mycoses

A

systemic

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20
Q

Mucormycosis caused by Mucor or Rhizopus is an example of ________ mycoses

A

Opportunistic

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21
Q

Histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma is an example of ____________ mycoses

A

systemic

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22
Q

Candidiasis caused by Candida is an example of _________ mycoses

A

opportunistic

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23
Q

Aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus is an example of ________ mycoses

A

opportunistic

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24
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis caused by Paracoccidioides is an example of ___________ mycoses

A

Systemic

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25
Q

Seriousness of illness in all opportunistic mycoses except candidiasis is _______

A

+4

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26
Q

Seriousness of illness in candidiasis is ____

A

+2-+4

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27
Q

________________ are chronic infections often located in the warm, humid areas of the body (e.g., athlete’s foot and jock itch).

A

Dermatophytosis (ringworm)

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28
Q

Typical ________ lesions have an inflamed circular border containing papules and vesicles surrounding a clear area of relatively normal skin.

A

ringworm

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29
Q

The lesions in ringworm are typically _________.

A

pruritic

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30
Q

Broken hairs and damaged nails are often seen in ____________

A

Dermatophytosis

31
Q

_____________ are fungi that require keratin

for growth.

A

Dermatophytes

32
Q

______________ can cause superficial infections

of the skin, hair, and nails.

A

Dermatophytes

33
Q

Dermatophytes are spread by _________ (direct/indirect) contact from other people, animals, and soil, as well as indirectly from fomites.

A

Direct

34
Q

Trichophyton tonsurans is the most common cause of outbreaks of ___________ in children

A

Tinea capitis

35
Q

______________ is the main cause of endothrix (inside the hair) infections.

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

36
Q

Trichophyton rubrum is also a very common cause of ___________.

A

Tinea capitis

37
Q

________ is a form of tinea capitis in which crusts are seen on the scalp.

A

Favus

38
Q

Favus is caused by ____________

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

39
Q

Trichophyton species also cause an inflammatory pustular lesion on the scalp called a __________.

A

kerion

40
Q

The marked inflammation in tinea capitis is caused by an intense _____________ (humoral/T cell mediated) reaction to the presence of the fungus.

A

T cell mediated

41
Q

In response to circulating fungal antigens in some infected persons, hypersensitivity causes dermatophytid reactions which is characterized by __________________

A

vesicles on fingers

42
Q

Patients with Tinea infections show __________ (positive/negative) skin tests with fungal extracts (e.g., trichophytin).

A

positive

43
Q

Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor), a superficial skin infection of cosmetic importance only, is caused by __________ species.

A

Malassezia

44
Q

Tinea versicolor infection is usually ____________ (asymptomatic/symptomatic)

A

asymptomatic

45
Q

_________ represents as hypopigmented areas, slight scaling or itching may occur.

A

Tinea versicolor

46
Q

___________ occurs more frequently in hot, humid weather.

A

Tinea versicolor

47
Q

The lesions in ____________ contain both budding yeast cells and hyphae.

A

Tinea versicolor

48
Q

Topical Tx of tinea versicolor is _______________

A

Miconazole

49
Q

Oral antifungal drugs, such as _____________, can be used to treat tinea versicolor.

A

Itraconazole

Fluconazole

50
Q

___________ is an infection of the keratinized

layers of the skin.

A

Tinea nigra

51
Q

___________ appears as a brownish spot caused by the melanin-like pigment in the hyphae.

A

Tinea nigra

52
Q

Tinea nigra caused by ____________, is found in the soil and transmitted during injury.

A

Cladosporium werneckii

53
Q

Tx of tinea nigra is topical ________ agent

A

keratolytic

54
Q

An example of keratolytic agent is _____________

A

Salicylic acid

55
Q

__________ mycoses are caused by fungi that grow in soil and on vegetation and are introduced into subcutaneous tissue through trauma.

A

Subcutaneous

56
Q

The forms in tissue seen by microscopy of dermatophytes is _________ (hyphae/yeast)

A

hyphae

57
Q

The forms in tissue seen by microscopy of Malassezia is ____________

A

hyphae and yeasts

58
Q

The forms in tissue seen by microscopy of Sporothrix is ____________

A

hyphae and yeasts

59
Q

Mode of transmission of microsporum is ______________

A

Animal to human and human to human

60
Q

Mode of transmission of dermatophytes other than microsporum is ____________

A

human to human

61
Q

Mode of transmission of Malassezia is _____________

A

human to human

62
Q

Mode of transmission of Sporothrix is ______________

A

Penetrating lesions in garden implants fungal spores (eg rose thorns)

63
Q

There is a healing center in ________ lesions.

A

Ringworm lesions

64
Q

Tinea versicolor is often _________ (nonpruritic/pruritic)

A

nonpruritic

65
Q

___________causes a local pustule or ulcer with nodules along the draining lymphatics

A

Sporothrix schenckii

66
Q

Sporothrix schenckii is a __________ fungi

A

Dimorphic

Molds on plant and yeast in human tissue

67
Q

The lesions in __________ are typically painless, and there is little systemic illness.

A

Sporotrichosis

68
Q

Disseminated sporotrichosis can occur in _______-infected patients with low CD4 counts.

A

HIV

69
Q

Sporotrichosis occurs most often in ___________, especially those who prune roses

A

gardeners

70
Q

The drug of choice for skin lesions in sporotrichosis is ____________

A

Itraconazole (Sporanox)

71
Q

______________ is a slowly progressive granulomatous infection.

A

Chromomycosis

72
Q

The lesions in ___________ are found on bare feet and legs.

A

Chromomycosis

73
Q

In chromomycosis, _____ like lesions (dark in color) with crusting abscesses extend along the lymphatics.

A

wart

Microbiology - Foundation Module (4 decks)

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