Cardiac Surgery

Question 1

Give 4 possible types of cardiac surgery

Answer 1

CABG
Valve repair/ replacement
Heart and/or lung transplant
Repair of congenital heart defects

Question 2

Define CABG

Answer 2

For CHD
Involves bypassing blockage using another piece of blood vessel
Can be single or multiple arteries

Question 3

What are 4 common graft sites for a CABG procedure?

Answer 3

Saphenous vein
Radial artery
Left internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Right internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Right gastroepiploic artery
Inferior epigastric artery

Question 4

Give 5 possible complications of CABG surgery

Answer 4

Atrial fibrillation
Vasoplegic syndrome
Pericardial tamponade
Lower lobe collapse
Non union of sternum
Pulmonary oedema/ pleural effusion
Renal impairment
Chest infection
Peri-operative MI

Question 5

What are 5 types of valve replacement?

Answer 5

Mechanical
Tissue
Donor
Ross procedure - aortic valve replaced with pulmonary valve, which is then also replaced
TAVI/ TAVR - transcathter aortic valve implantation replacement

Question 6

Give 5 possible complications of valve replacement

Answer 6

Stroke
Clotting
Arrhythmia
Chest infection/ pneumonia
Pulmonary oedema
Pneumothorax

Question 7

When might a heart transplant be needed?

Answer 7

In severe CHD
Cardiomyopathy
Congenital heart disease

Question 8

Give 4 potential complications of transplant

Answer 8

Immune system rejection
Graft failure
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Side effects of immunosuppressants