Neuro COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristic vital signs of the Cushing Triad?

Why do we care?

A

Cushing Triad: widened pulse pressure, irregular respirations, bradycardia

We care because this pattern of vital signs is evdience of an impending brain herniation

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of Wallenburg Syndrome?

A

Wallenburg syndrome is caused by an infarct of the lateral medulla.

Signs and symptoms include:

vertigo, nystagmus, dizziness, nausea, vomiting (dt vestibular nuclei involvement)

ptosis, myosis (dt disruption in the descending sympathetic tract)

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a midbrain lesion?

A

Midbrain lesions present with disfunction of CN III

patient’s eye will be “down and out” with a dilated pupil.

May also present with contralateral ataxia or contralateral hemiplegia

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4
Q

What is the distruibution of the median nerve as it enters the rist

A

the median nerve innervates the volar aspect of the first 3.5 digits of the hand

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5
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

signs and symptoms of hyponatremia:

lethargy

headache

seizure

*look for patients with low sodium relative to their volume status (so they might not be losing sodium, they might be retaining water)

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6
Q

tetany

hyperreflexia

prolonged QT interval

what is the electrolyte imbalance?

A

hypomagnemesia presents with tetany, hyperreflexia, and a prolongation of the QT interval on ECG

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7
Q

What are the signs of a basilar artery occlusion?

A

A basilar artery occlusion leads to bilatreal pontine infarction.

Signs of this include:

inability to speak or swallow

quadriplegia

*eye movement, blinking, and consciousness are spared

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8
Q

What are risk factors for a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include

AV malformations

Cocaine use

*If patients have suffered a hemorrhagic stroke pay close attention to their level of consciousness. If it decreases, this could be a sign of increasing ICP which requires surgical decompression

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9
Q

Signs and Symptoms of

Optic Neuritis

A

Optic Neuritis

loss of central vision

swollen optic disk

pain with eye movement

*history should include questions about MS

**Treatment is with high dose IV steroids (methylprednisolone)

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10
Q

What is Beck’s Syndrome?

A

Beck’s Syndrome = anterior spinal artery

bilaterall loss of pain an temperature with spastic paresis below the lesion

flaccid paralysis at the level of the lesion

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11
Q

What drug is used to treat the pain associated with

post herpetic neuralgia?

A

treat post herpetic neuralgia with

Tricyclic antidipressants (nortriptylene)

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