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Psychiatry > Diagnosis > Flashcards

Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

what do organic disorders tend to present with?

A

Changes to cognition
Delirium
Dementia

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2
Q

What are 3 examples of causes of organic disorders?

A

Head injury
Tumours
Endocrine disorders

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3
Q

What category on the hierarchy model does alcohol withdrawal fit into? symptoms?

A

Organic disorders
Delirium tremens
Confusion, tremor, shivering, irregular HR, sweating

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4
Q

2 examples of psychotic disorders?

A

Schizophrenia

Schizoaffective disorder

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5
Q

2 examples of mood disorders?

A

Unipolar depressive illness

Bipolar

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6
Q

6 examples of anxiety disorders?

A 
GAD
Phobias
Hypochondriasis
OCD
Panic disorders
Maladaptive behaviour
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7
Q

7 types of personality disorders?

A 
Psychopathy
Dependant
Anankastic
Borderline
Cyclothymic
Narcissistic
Anxious
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8
Q

What does phenomenology refer to?

A

Investigation and description of a patient experience without assumptions being made regarding causation

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9
Q

How do you interpret someones Appearance and Behaviour in the MSE?

A 
Greeting
Hygiene - groomed, clean, dressed
Face - Eye contact, expression
Body - Posture, expressive movement, scars and tattoos
How do they talk towards the examiner?
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10
Q

Thought form is analysed how?

A 
how they speak 
Rate of speech
Tone of voice
Volume of speech
Coherence
Spontaneity
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11
Q

Thought form looks at the coherence of speech, what 3 different disordered aspects of this can occur?

A

Flight of ideas
Knights Move
Neologisms

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12
Q

Difference between mood and affect?

A

Mood - climate

Affect - weather

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13
Q

How is mood commented on in the notes?

A

Subjectively in patients own words

Objectively in examiners interpretation

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14
Q

3 aspects of thought content that are looked into in MSE?

A

flow
passivity
content

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15
Q

What does flow look at in MSE thought content?

A

knights move
flight of ideas
thought block
perservation

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16
Q

What are 3 aspects of passivity that are analysed in thought content analysis of MSE?

A

thought insertion
thought withdrawal
Thought broadcast

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17
Q

Aspects of content within thought content MSE?

A 
preoccupations
Ruminations
obsessions
delusions
themes of conversation
Abnormal beliefs
Overvalued ideas
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18
Q

Difference between obsession and delusion?

A

Obsessions are forceful or intruding thoughts that the patient knows are irrational and often associated with compulsive acts
Delusions are false fixed beliefs which cant be shaken by argument

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19
Q

what does perception in MSE mainly investigate?

A

Hallucinations

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20
Q

Difference between hallucinations and delusions?

A

Hallucinations are perception in the absence of external stimulus whereas delusion is a correctly sensed stimulus that is given additional significance

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21
Q

Hypnogogic hallucinations vs hypnapompic hallucinations?

A 
Hypnogogic = hallucinations as you go to sleep
Hypnapompic = hallucinations as you wake up
22
Q

Screening questions for cognition?

A

time, place, person
concentration and attention
Memory of newly presented information

23
Q

Mood symptoms of depression in present thinking?

A 
Anhedonia
Loss of concentration
Lethargic
Low mood - diurnal variation
Low appetite
Memory difficulties 
Reduced functioning
24
Q

Biological effects of depression?

A

Loss of libido
Sleep effects
Appetite
Weight loss

25
Q

5 features of anxiety manifestations?

A 
Free floating situational 
Depersonalisation
Derealisation
Phobias
Panic attacks
26
Q

Physiological effects of anxiety?

A 
Tremor
Butterflies
SOB
Heart palpitations - chest pain
Sweating
Headaches
Sensitive to light
Dry mouth
Tingling
Tinnitus
Diarrhoea and nausea
Vertigo
Blushing
27
Q

Mood symptoms in mania and hypomania?

A 
increased energy
decreased need for sleep
increased libido
restless
sensitive to noise
grandiosity
28
Q

What does Schneiders first rank symptoms look at?

A

Insertion, withdrawal, broadcast
Voices - third person, running commentary
Audible thoughts
Somatic passivity

29
Q

3 features of psychosis?

A

Loss of touch with reality
hallucinations
delusions

30
Q

Cotards syndrome?

A

Walking corpse

31
Q

Othello syndrome?

A

Delusions of infidelity

32
Q

Ertomania/ de clerambault’s syndrome?

A

delusion that someone famous is in love with you

33
Q

Folie a deux?

A

Shared delusions

34
Q

What are the 3 types of psychotherapy available?

A

Supportive psychotherapy
Cognitive and behavioural therapies
Psychodynamic and psychoanalytical therapies

35
Q

Examples of supportive psychotherapies?

A

Group counselling
Support groups
Motivational counselling
Ventilaton of emotions

36
Q

4 situations where psychotherapy is contraindicated?

A

Acute psychosis
severe depression
Drug abuse
Dementia or Delirium

37
Q

How many weeks of CBT does a person usually undergo?

A

12-16 weeks

38
Q

What 5 categories does CBT look at?

A 
Thoughts
Feelings
Behaviours
Bodily reaction
Environment
39
Q

What is the aspect of CBT implemented in solving OCD?

A

exposure and response prevention

40
Q

What is interpersonal psychotherapy and what is it used to treat? 16 sessions

A

Emotional difficulties cause as a result of interpersonal issues
Used to treat - depression, eating disorders, diabetes compliance
16 sessions

41
Q

To assess a person’s interpersonal relationships what questions can you ask?

A

Who is the most important person in your life?
Who do you see most in your life?
How does depression effect your relationships?
Is there a relationship precipitant? resolution?

42
Q

What does cognitive analytical therapy aim to do? how many sessions?

A

16 sessions
Aims to understand how problems have developed from events and experiences
Looks at current coping mechanisms and aims to change them

43
Q

What does mentalisation based therapy aim to do? how long do sessions extend for?

A

Aims to help individual understand their own mind and the mind of those around them
Made up of 90 minute group sessions and 50 minute individual sessions
18-24 months programme

44
Q

What is dialectical behavioural therapy mainly used to treat?
What is made during the therapy to guide patient?

A

Personality disorders
Make a list of behaviours to decrease and list of behaviours to increase, modified CBT
Contract and telephone support

45
Q

What are the 3 stages of dialectical behavioural therapy?

A 
1 = commitment, safety and stability
2 = symptom management
3 = REACH (regulating emotions through acceptance and change)
46
Q

What does psychoanalytical therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy base their management on? How many sessions usually spanning over what time period?

A

Unconscious thoughts, feeling and fears which are repressed and therefore lead to symptoms
Usually over 20 sessions over more than a year period

47
Q

What is eye movement desensitisation and reprogramming used for treatment of primarily?

A

PTSD

Helps the brain process flashbacks

48
Q

What is motivational interviewing mainly used in the treatment of? What kind of tools does it use?

A

Tackling addiction

Looks at pros and cons, confidence and important to individual, looking at the past and future, exploring goals

49
Q

Main two forms of therapy in personality disorders?

A

Mentilsation based therapy

Interpersonal behavioural therapy

50
Q

Main two forms of therapy for eating disorders?

A

CBT and systemic therapy (family)

51
Q

Main 2 forms of therapy for addictions?

A

CBT and motivational interviewing

52
Q

Main 2 forms of therapy for PTSD?

A

CBT and eye movement desensitisation and reprogramming (EMDR)

Psychiatry (17 decks)

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