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para 1027 trauma > trauma midterm review > Flashcards

trauma midterm review Flashcards

1
Q

how many different types of kinematic energy are there?

A

5

mechanical 
chemical
thermal
electrical 
barometric
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2
Q

kinetic energy

A

associated with bodies in motion

half the mass x the square of velocity

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3
Q

what factors might affect the type of injury a person might sustain

A

external factors:

amount of force/energy delivered

duration/direction

rate of force application

positioning

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4
Q

blunt trauma

A

spreading of impact

forceful impact

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5
Q

if you arrive at a MVC and you see a cracked windshield/ dashboard damage what should you be mindful of

A

C spine injuries
fractured ankles/feet

can determine ABC outcome

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6
Q

t/f internal injuries can be hard to recognize

A

T!

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7
Q

what can you do to help determine the injuries sustained

A

MOI

you are the eyes and ears of the trauma centre

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8
Q

what injuries would require you to go to a level 1 trauma centre?

A

GCS under 13
SBP under 90
RR under 10 over 29

head injuries 
flail chest
2+ proximal bone fractures
amputation 
crushed/pulseless extremity 
pelvic fracture
skull fracture 
paralysis
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9
Q

what happens when you suddenly decelerate

A

dissipates tremendous forces thus causing major injuries

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10
Q

3 reasons for hypothermia

A

evaporation of sweat
cold induced diuresis
increased respiratory heat/fluid loss from dry air

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11
Q

cold induced diuresis

A

skin vasoconstriction from cold exposure

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12
Q

contact freeze injury

A

touching something that is cold

tongue on pole

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13
Q

chilblains

A

nonfreezing cold injury from cold air
itchy tender lesions
bluish/redish

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14
Q

snow blindness

A

dry air/bright light exposure burns skin/eyes

happens more at higher altitudes

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15
Q

snow blinding symptoms

A

swollen eyelids
red eyes
pain looking at the light
severe pain

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16
Q

snow blindness treatment

A

patch eyes
eye drops
antibiotics/analgesics

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17
Q

nonfreezing cold injuries

types

A

damage to peripheral tissues from cold/wet stimulus (not frozen)

trench foot
immersion foot

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18
Q

trench foot

A

in military people

cold and restricted circulation

doesn’t involve water

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19
Q

immersion foot

A

prolonged immersion if extremities in cold moisture

common in homeless

0-15C

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20
Q

soft tissue foot injuries are known as

A

maceration

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21
Q

why don’t tissues freeze at 0C

A

electrolytes and other solutes

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22
Q

superficial frost bite

A

first/second

blister when rewarmed

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23
Q

deep frostbite

A

third/fourth
affects skin and muscle tone
hemorrhagic blisters when rewarmed

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24
Q

accidental hypothermia

A

under 35C

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25
Q

primary hypothermia

A

healthy individuals in temp well above freezing are unprepared

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26
Q

secondary hypothermia

A

when a patient has a medical disorder

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27
Q

hypothermia

A

losing more heat then we are getting

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28
Q

triad of death

A

hypothermia
acidosis
coagulopathy

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29
Q

__% of level 1 trauma patients were hypothermic at one point

A

57

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30
Q

death % when body is below 32.2 C

A

40-100%

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31
Q

immersion hypothermia

A

falling into cold water

worst if water is under 25C

32
Q

phases when entering cold water

A

first - cold shock response
second - cold incapacitation
third - onset of hypothermia
fourth - circumrescue collapse

33
Q

what happens to body in hypothermia heart/ecg

A

bradycardia

J waves on ECG

34
Q

where’s J wave on ECG

A

in QRS

35
Q

when does heart become irritable to hypothermia

A

under 30C that’s when changes occur

36
Q

mild hypo

A

35-32

shivering
vasoconstriction
tachypneac
ataxia

37
Q

moderate hypo

A

32-28

loss of coordination
confusion
Brady

38
Q

sever hypo

A

28-24

coma

39
Q

profound

A

under 24

cardiac arrest

40
Q

hypothermia management***

A

prevent further heat loss
initiate transport
rewarming
gentle handling

high flow O2
since they have decreased O2 delivery

IV saline 5% dextrose warmed up to 42.8C

41
Q

hypothermia defibrillate

A

once
120-200 biphasic joules

CPR

wait until body temp is 30C

42
Q

what happens first in wound healing

A 
vasoconstriction 
inflammation 
epitheliazation 
neovascurlization
collagen synthesis
43
Q

wound healing anatomical factors

A

skin tension lines

some meds

44
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

death of tissue from more then one infection

starts from staph infection

45
Q

closed wound

A

no break in the epidermis

46
Q

open wound

A

break in the epidermis

47
Q

ecymosis

A

tear in small blood vessels causing bruising closed wound

48
Q

hematoma

A

tear in large blood vessels causing bruises closed wound

49
Q

bleeding is either…

A

internal or external

50
Q

vessel bleeding most to least

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

51
Q

melena

A

dark red poops

lower GI bleed

52
Q

hematochezia

A

bright red poops

colon bleed

53
Q

how to manage external bleeding

A

direct pressure
elevation
turniqui

54
Q

t/f patients with shock symptoms without external bleeding probably have internal bleeding

A

T!

rapid transport

55
Q

anaerobic metabolism

A

not as efficient as aerobic metabolism

can only run for a short time since it doesn’t produce was much energy

56
Q

how long can brain heart and lungs last without O2

A

4-6 min

57
Q

how long can kidneys liver and GI tract last without O2

A

45-90 min

58
Q

how long can muscle bone and skin live without O2

A

4-6 hours

59
Q

definition of shock

A

change in cellular function from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism
‘
bodies O2 needs aren’t meant

60
Q

the fick principle

A

what components are necessary to get O2 to the cells

diffusion

61
Q

how to manage an internal hemorrhage

A 
supine
ABC
O2
blankets to maintain heat
IV 250 bolus
analgesics 
watch out for shock
62
Q

determinate of cellular perfusion

A

heart
fluid volume
vessels

63
Q

how many types of shock

A

3

64
Q

3 types of shock

A

hypovolemic
distributive
cardiogenic

65
Q

most common type of shock

A

hypovolemic

assume its always this type unless proven otherwise

66
Q

decrease left atrial filling

A

causes ADH

67
Q

average person has _L of circulating blood volume

A

5

68
Q

electrolyte ratio for blood loss

A

3 litres electrolytes solution per 1 litre of blood loss

69
Q

what can happen from to much electrolyte solution during shock

A

decreased O2 transfer

70
Q

what type of electrolyte solution is prescribed for shock

A

ringers

can cause hyperchloremia

71
Q

neurogenic shock

A

hypotension

spinal cord injury interrupts the sympathetic nervous system

72
Q

cariogenic shock

intrinsic causes

A

heart muscle damage

valvular disruption

73
Q

cariogenic extrinsic causes

A

cardiac tamponade

pneumothorax

74
Q

cariogenic extrinsic causes

A

cardiac tamponade

tension pneumothorax

75
Q

axial skeleton

A

central part of the body

76
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

upper/lower part of the body

77
Q

musculoskeletal trauma 3 main types

A

life threatening
non life threatening

isolated non life threatening

para 1027 trauma (18 decks)

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