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Biology 2 > Blood Glucose > Flashcards

Blood Glucose Flashcards

1
Q

What happens if the blood glucose is too high

A

The water potential of blood is too low
Water diffuse out of cells by osmosis
Cells shrivel and die

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2
Q

What happens if blood glucose it too low

A

Cells can’t carry out respiration for energy

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3
Q

What causes blood glucose to rise

A

Eating carbohydrates

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4
Q

What causes blood glucose to decrease

A

Exercise

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5
Q

What cells secrete insulin and glucagon

A

Islet of langerhans

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6
Q

Where are islets of langerhans

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

What cells secrete insulin

A

Beta cells

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8
Q

What cells secrete glucagon

A

Alpha cells

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9
Q

How does insulin lower blood glucose

A
  1. Insulin binds to specific receptors on muscle and liver cells
  2. Increases permeability of muscle cell membranes to glucose by increasing number of channel proteins
  3. Muscle cells take up more glucose
  4. Activated enzymes that convert glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis)
  5. Increase rate of respiration
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10
Q

What is glycogenesis

A

Forming glycogen from glucose

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11
Q

How does glucagon raise blood glucose

A
  1. Binds to specific receptors on liver cell membrane
  2. Activates enzymes that break down glycogen to glucose (glycogenolysis)
  3. Actives enzymes used to form glucose from glycerol and amino acids
    (Gluconeogensis)
  4. Decrease rate of respiration
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12
Q

What is glycogenolysis

A

Break down of glycogen to glucose

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13
Q

What is gluconeogensis

A

Forming kudos from non-carbohydrates

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14
Q

Why is a hormone response slower than nervous

A

Travel in blood to target cells

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15
Q

Why does a hormonal response Last longer than a Nervous response

A

Hormones aren’t broken down as quickly as neurotransmitters

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16
Q

What is GLUT4

A

Gousse transported in muscles

17
Q

Where is GLUT4 in low insulin

A

Stored in vesicles in cytoplasm

18
Q

What happens to GLUT4 when insulin binds to receptors

A

GLUT4 moves to membrane

So glucose can be moved into the cell by fd

19
Q

Where is Adrenalin released from

A

Adrenal glands

20
Q

When is Adrenalin released

A

Low blood glucose
Exercise
Stress

21
Q

Where does Adrenalin bind to

A

Cell membrane of liver cells

22
Q

What does Adrenalin do

A 
Activated glycogenolysis 
Inhibits glycogenesis 
Activates glucagon secretion
Inhibits insulin secretion 
= makes body ready for action by releasing more glucose
23
Q

How do glucagon and Adrenalin use a secondary messenger to activate glycogenolysis

A
  1. Adrenalin and glucagon bind to their specific receptors
  2. Activates adenylyl cyclase
  3. Converts ATP to cyclic AMP
  4. Activates protein kinase A
  5. Activates a chain of reaction leading to glycogenolysis
24
Q

What is the secondary messenger with glucose and Adrenalin

A

Cyclic AMP

25
Q

Why is the receptor specific to glucagon and adrenalin

A

Receptor has a specific tertiary structure

Biology 2 (14 decks)

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