999010000 Flashcards
(229 cards)
1
Q
What are 3 Golden Rules for foam?
A
- Don’t begin to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish fire or cover fuel spill.
- Point branch away from the fire until good finished foam is being produced.
- You cant mix different foam concentrates.
2
Q
What are 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS?
A
- Jet reaction: CAFS hose lines have a build up of pressure when the branch is closed, this causes a larger jet reaction than a standard hose.
- Slug flow- When proportion of air, foam and water is wrong. It will cause the finished foam to shudder or pulsate when exiting branch.
- Doesn’t contain enough water for internal attack.
3
Q
List 5 actions to take when combatting natural gas leak with no fire?
A
1.Full structural PPE and SCBA
2. Evacuate all persons from immediate area
3. Remove all sources of ignition
4. Responds gas company
5. Only use intrinsically safe equipment.
4
Q
Acetylene is volatile, how many hours after fire can explosion occur?
A
24hrs
5
Q
When reading fire, what are most important indicators?
A
Building
Smoke
Air Track
Heat
Flame
6
Q
What techniques enable us to control interior environment?
A
Gas cooling: short & long pulse
hose stream techniques: direct and indirect attack
7
Q
What are 2 common hose lay techniques?
A
S Lay- Flaked Trays
2. Cleveland Load- Attack pack
8
Q
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incident………?
A
1) When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
(2) When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act–
(a) proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and
(b) try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.
9
Q
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incident………?
A
(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place–
(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
(2) Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.
10
Q
Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”. State this provision.
A
1) At a fire, the officer in charge–
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge–
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.
(2) If the fire is a bush fire (including a grass fire), the officer in charge is, as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.
11
Q
Section 19 of the FRNSW Act lists the powers at fires and hazardous materials incidents. State the provisions of ‘general power to remove person/obstacle’.
A
The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions
12
Q
At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/ officer on duty, about the incident. State your response according to FB regulation disclosure of information regarding incident that was declared crime scene.
A
A Firefighter must not disclose information obtained in the firefighters capacity as a firefighter unless the disclosure is made:
1. in the exercise of the firefighter’s functions or
2. about factual matters that are generally available to the public or
3. by an approved firefighter to media representatives about operations at a fire or other incident.
4. at the direction or with permission of commissioner or
5. with another lawful excuse.
13
Q
Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable.
A
- Come on or attend duty while under influence of alcohol or a drug.
- While on duty consume, use or posses any alcohol or drug.
- While on duty or off duty Smoke or consume alcohol in any public place while in uniform
- While on duty or off duty smoke at a fire or drill, on departmental premises or in a departmental vehicle
- While off duty enter or remain on department premises without authority.
14
Q
As stated in the Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, What actions should drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal take?
A
- Drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal must slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8 kph. Having assessed the traffic conditions, and determined that it is safe to proceed, the driver may then continue across the intersection.
- Whenever passing through the stop sign or red light would involve the vehicle in an accident, the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe to proceed.
15
Q
According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?
A
All FRNSW employees are required to wear a seatbelt, properly adjusted, when travelling in FRNSW vehicles. Any member travelling on a vehicle (including a water tanker) is to be seated inside the vehicle and must wear a seatbelt.
16
Q
According to Standing Orders, with no impact of the service delivery, List the procedures to be followed if drivers of FRNSW vehicles are involved in an accident.
A
- Advise the other driver to contact Fire and Rescue NSW’s Fleet Unit for claim number and contact details for Fire and Rescue NSW’s insurer.
- Drivers are to be suspended from driving for the balance of the shift on duty unless the exigencies of the service dictate to the contrary. In the case of retained firefighters suspension is to be for 24 hours unless there are exigencies to the contrary. Driver only re-instated by an officer above SO on next rostered shift by verbal instruction and entry in Occurrence Book.
- Station Commanders and supervisors must complete an Agency member motor vehicle claim form and submit it to their Duty Commander or manager with a covering memo explaining how the accident occurred.
- The Duty Commander or manager must undertake an initial investigation of the accident to determine if any action is required.
- The Agency member motor vehicle claim form must then be forwarded to the Fleet Management Unit who will process the insurance claim.
- If the accident involved an injury, illness, exposure or near miss, a Notification of injury, illness, exposure or near miss form must also be submitted.
17
Q
Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions. List the provisions.
A
1) A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and comply with the requirements of, the Act, this Regulation and the Commissioner’s Directions.
(2) A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions
18
Q
According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely: List these four points.
A
1.Use
2. Fire Load
3. Population and
4. Mobility of occupants, such as where they are sleeping or alert.
19
Q
According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request FIRU for assistance?
A
- Loss of life or person is not expected to live from their injuries
- Major fire (4th alarm up, community impact or unusual fire behaviour)
- Origin and cause of fire is not apparent.
20
Q
What form gives fire investigator a summary of Firefighters actions?
A
(SOFA) Summary of observations & Firefighters Actions report.
21
Q
STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List and describe the regimes.
A
Fuel Controlled - Occurs during the initial phase of fire development, the fire will increase in size with more fuel and decrease in size with less fuel, with more than enough air for combustion.
Ventilation Controlled - This occurs during a fully developed fire, fire development and heat release rate is now limited by the oxygen avaliable. The fire is pyrolyzing more fuel than can be burt with avaliable oxygen in the compartment.
22
Q
Identify the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities
A
- Fire Floor
- Floor above
- Top Floor
23
Q
STP - Outlines when a working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention to the situation?
A
Mayday message
24
Q
According to STP - When is an Incident Management System required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?
A
Every incident FRNSW attends
25
According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.
DCS III RE
1. Deployment
2. Command
3. Situation evaluation
4. Incident action planning
5. Incident communications
6. Incident structure
7. Review and Revision
8. Escalation and de-escalation
26
Every incident there must be a steady, adequate, timely stream of resources. Who is only person to deploy resources at an incident?
IC
27
A driver in a road tunnel noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment of their car and immediately pulled into the emergency break down bay and called 000.
The Tunnel Control Centre closed the tunnel allowing attending fire crews access to extinguish the fire. Peak hour traffic is starting to build at the entrance to the tunnel and thick smoke is throughout. List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels could assist in clearing the smoke?
1. longitudal ventilation (jet fans)
2. Ducted ventilation
3. Natural ventilations
4. Combination of above
28
As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.
1. Recycle – Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to IC or Sector, Group or Division commander (SGD Commander), as per the incident structure.
2. Full rehabilitation – Crew is released and moves to the rehab area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehab Officer.
29
According to SOGs - List and describe the three incident phases.
1. Life at risk phase – where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. A Higher level of risk may be acceptable.
2. Expanding phase – where the incident is likely to expand beyond accepted limits. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control risks to lives and property. Some level of risk may be acceptable.
3. Contained phase – where there are sufficient resources to contain the incident within a defined area. There is no life at risk, or lives and property are already lost. Risk must be minimised as much as practicable.
30
According to Standing Orders who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances?
1. firefighters in the course of their duty;
2. employees of Fire and Rescue NSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency;
3. members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge; or
4. other persons authorised by the Commissioner.
31
List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.
1. Excluding the fire’s supply of oxygen (smothering)
2. Suppressing flammable vapours to stop them from igniting
3. Cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition
32
According to STP – What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas?
1. Odourless
2. Colourless
3. Heavier than air
33
What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites?
Boiling
Liquid
Expanding
Vapor
Explosion
34
What's used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder?
TIC
Infrared thermometer
wetting test
35
Expand SISIACMR
Safe Approach
Incident Control
Scene Security
Identify hazardous materials
Asses the potential harm
Call for resources
Monitor Information
Render safe and decontaminate
36
What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fire?
Water
37
According to STP -There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure list and describe the stages.
1. Stage1: Abuse Factor: Thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse
2. Stage 2: Off gas generation: Occurs regardless of cell from-factor
3. Stage 3: Smoke generation: Catastrophic failure is imminent
4. Stage 4: Fire generation: Likelihood of propagation drastically increases
38
According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, what should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?
NIIENM form within 24hrs
39
According to the toolkit on the intranet - If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?
Supervisor or co-worker
40
In New South Wales, Emergency Services carry out land-based rescues under what Act?
State Emergency and Rescue Management Act 1989
41
As stated in the SERM Act, 1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?
The NSW Police Force is responsible for co-ordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations.
42
According to STP - FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?
* Yourself and other rescuers
* Other persons not involved (bystanders)
* Unfortunate person(s) involved
43
What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?
1. One firefighter to wear full structural turnout PPC and SCBA
2. A manned line of 38mm hose charged to 400kPa, pump with recirculation valve open.
3. If a fire occurs, charge to 800kPa at the pump to achieve 700kpa at the branch.
44
What environments should SCBA be worn in?
* Heated or extremely low temperatures
* Oxygen deficient or enriched environment
* Toxic atmospheres
* Smoke
45
Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.
1. Keys Deposit – Station Commander
2. Keys to Private Premises - Applicant
46
As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- What is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?
* FRNSW Fitness Drill Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ)
* Signed off SPS or ESS
47
According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?
Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form
48
According to the Fire ePermit policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?
7 Days.
49
According to the Fire ePermit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account.
Only the safety aspect.
50
According to STP - Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?
* At EICIE (Chief Wardens Handset)
* Within 4 m of exit within each emergency zone
* Within 4 m of exit on each storey
* Within emergency lift shafts
* Adjacent to FDCIE if remote from EICIE
EICIE-Emergency Intercom Control and Indicating Equipment
FDCIE-Fire Detection Control and Indicating Equipment
51
According to STP, name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.
1. Main stop valve
2. Test drain
3. Sprinkler test facility
4. Sprinkler alarm valve
5. System pressure gauge
6. Deluge valve
7. Water supply with water supply pressure gauge
52
According to STP, there are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them.
1. Turning off Power: Firefighters can turn off the main switch, removing fuses and switching off circuit breakers at the switchboard. This removes power from the circuits within the structure supplied through that switchboard.
2. Isolating Power: Energy Authority disconnects power from the network to the site.
53
According to STP - Firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure.
1. On-site consulation: Determine whether its appropriate to turn off & how best to do so.
2. Assume switchboard is live: Don Elec safety gloves, then overgloves, helmet visor down and look away
3. Follow the shutdown procedure: This may be on or near switchboard or inveter, if not found, turn off the inverter main switch, then turn off the solar panel main switch
4. Consider if benefits outweigh risks: Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident
5. Isolate the power: If required, have the owner/occupier contact their electrician to isolate the power
54
According to STP -When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.
Green ES Sticker (Energy Storage)
55
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices. List these actions.
1. Use caution when approaching device as thermal runaway and vapor release may occur without warning.
2. If the device is connected to mains electricity (eg charging) ensure that electricity is switched off prior to applying water.
3. Knock-down any fire using copious amounts of water
4. Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water
5. Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so. Use a tool such as a long-handled shovel to move the device
6. If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes.
7. Ensure that all cells are accounted for by searching the area around the device. Failure to account for all cells may lead to a secondary fire event.
8. Notify FireCOM that the incident involves a lithium-ion device. FireCOM will send a notification to FIRU
56
According to STP - If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?
1. Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance
2. Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern
3. If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250 mm air gap between the CO2 extinguisher nozzle and any electrified components
4. NSW Fair Trading notification form to be completed at the completion of the incident
57
According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?
1. Wear SCBA and a full set of firefighting clothing
2. Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector
58
According to STP - Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.
1. Line Defence – Protect the perimeter of a property until resources are sufficient for an offensive attack. involves hose lines or tactical backburning.
2. Ember Defence – Firefighter focus is on extinguishing embers and spot fires around structures when the approaching fire line is too intense to be supressed.
3. Backstop Defence – Firefighters retreat while an intense fire front passes and move back in to save saveable structures afterwards
59
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.
1. Thermal runaway: anyone in close proximity may be injured.
2. Extreme fire behaviour: exposure to vapour cloud explosion
3. Release of toxic vapour and gases: Exposure to a toxic vapour explosion, Inhalation of Vapor or gas if not fully protected by PPE.
4. Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes: injured by ignition of the electrolyte, expansion of the incident, skin irritation and respiratory illness if not protected by PPE.
5. Stranded energy: electric shock from DC/AC
6. Projectiles: Firefighters may be hit and injured by a projectile
7. Secondary Ignition: This second event has the same risks as the initial event
60
As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?
1:4 (outlet 4 x larger than inlet)
61
According to SOGs - When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?
Vapour space
62
As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.
The fan should be set back approximately the height of the door (2m)
63
According to Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear” What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?
1. Appropriate bag (asbestos, yellow clinical waste or clear)
2. Cables ties or strong tape
3. Contaminated equipment tag
64
You are responded to a bushfire with four Fire Rescue NSW pumpers two RFS tankers and one inspector, according to SOGs what class is the fire?
Class 1
65
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate?
The number of CO2 cylinders required to be injected.
66
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - What factors affect voltage gradient at wires down?
1. Composition of ground
2. Moisture content
3. Voltage of the electrical source
67
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors.
1. Metals
2. Human body
3. Timber / trees
4. Flame / dense smoke
5. Water
68
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity.
1. Stay away from the hazard, always regard it as live until you know otherwise.
2. Assess the risks from at least 8 metres from the hazard.
3. If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an exclusion zone.
4. Have the electricity company isolate power.
69
As listed on the SIMS Worksheet: Electrical safety kit - State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit.
1 x pair of insulating gloves
1 x pair of leather overgloves
2 x non-contact AC voltage detectors, either Modiewark Rescue or GLM Mini Rescue
70
According to Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?
To wear electrical gloves:
1. Put on electrical gloves first.
2. Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage.
3. The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove.
4. The cuff of the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC.
71
According to SOGs - FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.
1. Possible terrorist incident
2. Crime investigation
3. Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management
4. Rescue incidents
72
You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. As stated in FRNSW SOGs on arrival what actions should be taken?
1. Identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator.
2. While waiting to enter, start developing the IAP by accessing information – eg pre-incident plans, SOGs, and utilities.
3. Where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources. Remain in the staging area until met by the Emergency Coordinator. Notify FireCOM if entry is delayed.
4. Always remain outside facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter.
5. At the main entry, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box containing the FRNSW pre-incident plan, safety data sheets folder, site plans, and Local Emergency Plans (LEPs) and brief crew about the facility.
6. Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in.
73
According to the Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy, what is the definition of workplace bullying?
“Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety”
74
According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description found on the Intranet, list 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in this role.
1. Contribute to the station's community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities
2. Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank
3. Contribute to the Station's operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment
4. Assist with investigations into the cause of fires
5. Undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station
75
According to STP - What guidelines should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?
In the absence of visible victims or in situations where victim location is unknown, the first arriving crew arriving crew will be tasked fire attack. It is critical to get water on the fire as quickly as possible to gain Fire Control and stop conditions from worsening. Subsequent available crews will be tasked with conducting search and rescue and they must ensure they have a hose line to control the conditions in their location and conduct Fire Attack should the situation require.
76
According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?
* Closed Circut
* Water source
* Base Pump (largest capacity) 5 lengths to relay pump, min 2 lines @ 70mm
* Relay pump/s 7 lenghts relay to relay or to fireground, min 2 lines @ 70mm
* Fireground pump
* Fireground
77
According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.
1. Natural: Fire which starts by a natural act without any human influence
2. Accidental: Fire which starts accidently from human activity or influence.
3. Incendiary: Fire which starts from deliberate and intentional human act
4. Undetermined: Fire where the cause cannot be identified to an acceptable level of certainty.
78
Whilst participating in a community event at the local oval and armed offender attack occurs. According to SOGs, what actions should you take?
1. Escape
2. Hide
3. Tell
79
According to SOGs - There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.
1. Establish BA Control as close to the entry and exit point as possible
2. Check and enter all details on BA Control Board
3. Calculate and monitor entry and exit times
4. Monitor all radio communications within the Sector
5. Indicate to exiting crews the locations of staging area and rehab area
80
According to Firefighters Training Manual - The numbers relayed back from FireCOM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. TX at the end of the transmission means there is text. What does the text usually refer to?
Additional Personal Protection (APP)
81
According to SOGs - What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?
1. Known low concentrations of inert dust such as those produced when cutting metal or wood.
2. Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet.
3. Bushfire smoke particles and not the gases such as CO
4. Contamination by body fluids
82
According to SOGs - At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. Describe the life at risk phase.
Where there are saveable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.
83
According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?
1. Enter without undue delay
2. Enter with the minimum of structural damage
3. Enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible
84
According to SOGs -You respond to a building fire and the contaminated run-off/pollutant is impacting a canal that runs into a creek. Which agencies are you required to notify?
1. EPA
2. RMS
3. Transport for NSW
85
According to SOGs - What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?
1. To use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control;
2. To establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or ComCen with superfluous data
3. To ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.
86
According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.
1. Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems.
2. Operation of valves and other industrial processes
3. Fire attack under the control of NSWFB officers
87
SOGs describe how to de-escalate an incident. What is de-escalation?
De-escalation is the scaling back of FRNSW involvement at an incident. Both the strategic and tactical levels scale back and delegated functions are handed back to the IC. The IC determines that the incident has been contained and that resources can be released.
88
According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.
* Chief Warden, Deputy Chief Warden, Communications Officer - White
* Floor Warden, Area Wardens - Yellow
* Wardens - Red
* First Aid Officer - White cross on a green background
89
What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes:
Code 1 - Responding to an incident or move-up – include when the appliance is travelling under normal conditions.
Code 3 - On scene at incident or move-up station (state location/address).
Code 4 - Available for response. If not returning to station, give destination
Code 6 - Incident in Rural Fire District.
Code 7 - Unavailable for response – state reason and transmit Code 4 immediately when available
90
You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT. The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, What features are included in a Fire Control Room?
1. Fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation
2. Fire Indicator Panel
3. Fire Fan Control Panel
4. Two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit
5. Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics)
6. Telephone (direct line outside)
7. Security Alarm and Control Panels
8. Whiteboard, corkboard and plan table
9. Master Emergency Control Panel
10. Controls for fire pumps
91
You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider?
1. Sufficient time and resources available
2. Potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or EPS panel cores
3. Leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting
4. Increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air
5. Charged line of hose in place for protection before cutting ISPs.
6. Electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels
7. Structure weakened when multiple panels are cut
92
You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. According to SOGs, following span of control rules, what is the OPTIMAL amount an individual resources you should communicate with?
1:5
93
It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?
"Seven sides" of the fire: front, rear, both sides, top, bottom and inside.
94
On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take?
If any defects are noted, advise the FRNSW Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated. Do not initiate any action yourself.
95
You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?
Papa
Hotel
Oscar
Sierra
Golf
Echo
November
Echo
96
An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?
NSW Police
97
Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?
1.Shower and change into clean clothes
2. Record in the Occurrence Book (EOB) and eAIRS report
3. Complete NIIENM form
98
According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?
1. First priority is the safety of firefighter.
2. Second priority is protecting savable lives.
3. Third priority is protecting savable property and environment.
-Resources should not be committed to save what is already lost.
99
According to the Clean Firefighter Policy describe onsite decontamination.
Onsite decontamination occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehabilitation, or when leaving the incident. All people and equipment that have been in the Hot Zone are considered to have been exposed to contaminants and require decontamination. The aim of decontamination is to ensure zero exposure for firefighters, with all contaminates removed and left at the incident, where possible. All PPE, including boots, SCBA and helmets require cleaning before leaving the incident.
100
According to the Toolkit on the intranet during a bushfire with CFUs. List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.
1. Like all residents, must follow FDR instructions and their Bushfire Survival Plan
2. Don’t fight fires or enter bushland. They're only empowered to protect properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack.
3. No different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority,responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations .
4. Must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency service agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate
5. After the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity. Freeing up firefighters to respond to moving fire front.
101
According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?
Further serious injury or death
102
According to FRNSW Alcohol and Other Drugs Policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.
0.02 grams
103
According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?
1. Notify all personnel in the collapse zone
2. Notify SO/ Sector commander
3. Evacuate premises
4. Set up exclusion zone
5. Use appropriate water streams
104
According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?
Code 100 with detailed message
105
According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.
**Lookouts** Fire crews must lookout and ensure they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to crew location.
**Awareness** Firefighters must be aware of what is happening around them. Including; impact of changes in fire behaviour, observe smoke colour, direction and column, fireground and urban hazards: falling rocks and trees, hydration of yourself and others.
**Communications** All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately.
**Escape routes** at least 2 agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. Continuously review to ensure they remain effective.
**Safety zones** Refuge areas should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters. Consider escape time and safety zone size requirements, which may change.
106
According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.
* Catastrophic
* Extreme
* High
* Moderate
* No Rating
107
According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated?
* CAN format
* With a disciplined approach;
* Be clear, concise and factual.
* Make sure the message is understood
* Avoid radio congestion
* Describe what is happening
* Protect sensitive information
108
According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.
* Offensive Stratergy: FRNSW initiates Offensive Operations at bushfires. The factors that determine success of the operation are: Location, Size of the attack, Support for the attacking crews. Examples/Tactical Methods include: Direct Attack, Parallel Attack, Indirect Attack.
* Defensive strategy: First priority is safety and all crews must always be accounted for. Focus of effort is concentrated on property protection or structural triage. Examples/Tactical methods include: Line Defence, Ember and Backstop.
* Safeguarding strategy When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, safeguarding warns escorts (moves) and protects community members to ensure their safety.
109
According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.
Level 2 PPE
110
Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs.
1. Dizziness
2. Weakness
3. Nausea
111
According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?
1. Going
2. Being Controlled
3. Contained
4. Patrol
5. Out
112
According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.
Offensive – operating in close proximity to the hazards
Defensive – operating away from the hazards
113
As stated in SOGs - What does the Incident Action (IAP) usually describe?
1. The risk assessment
2. Stratergy and objectives, including notes relating to critical factors.
3. The incident structure, showing the resources being used or needed.
4. The layout of the incident (mud map).
5. Any other information relevant to resolve or control, such as incoming resources
114
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?
The first Station Commander becomes the Sector Commander for the fire floor, establishes a Forward Control Point and commences fire operations from the floor below the fire.
115
According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?
120 metres
116
According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?
1. Support NSW Police Force or the Australian Defence Force (ADF) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur
2. Act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations, if required
3. If requested, assist NSW Ambulance.
117
According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe -
Bulk - more than 4 tonnes (net), or more than 4 cubic metres of a substance, not in individual packages.
Flatbed Storage - a single level building or other structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes
Ventilated - containers open to the atmosphere, including silos with explosion vents that have activated
Sealed - a grain container is sealed during fumigation and semi sealed at other times – includes semi-sealed and oxygen limiting containers.
118
According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.
1. SCBA- Self contained breathing apparatus
2. EDBA- Extended Duration Breathing Apparatus. An SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighter to work for twice the time as sungle cylinder SCBA.
3. Airline Respirator- An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air eg Air Trolley breathing apparatus (ATBA) or auxiliary connection of another SCBA.
119
According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.
Standard decontamination
Emergency decontamination
Mass decontamination
120
According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?
Time – minimise the duration of exposure.
Distance – maximise the distance from the radiological source.
Shielding – maximise shielding between the radiological source and people.
121
According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation.
1. Alpha
2. Beta
3. Gamma rays and X- rays (Electromagnetic)
122
According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.
1. Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray
2. Apply a bonding agent such as a foam blanket or coloured PVA/water mix
3. Wrap or cover with salvage plastic sheeting
123
Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them.
Friable – Any ACM that is in powder form, or that can be crumbled, pulverised, or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry. Examples are loose-fill insulation and pipe lagging
Non-friable - Previously known as bonded. Any ACM that is not friable, including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound. Examples include fibre cement sheeting (‘fibro’), and switchboard backing. Non Friable ACM that has been fire damaged and reduced to powder becomes Friable.
124
According to Standing Orders – The minimum number of new PIPs to be completed by each platoon yearly is?
4
125
According to Standing Orders - Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?
* Ensure hydrants work when needed
* Notify water authorities of problems
* Familiarise crew with hydrants in their area
126
According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?
Immediately after or ASAP.
127
As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics - FRNSW has shared values with the NSW Government Sector. Name all the shared values.
Integrity
Service
128
According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?
Professional Standards
129
According to the infection prevention and control manual - An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.
1. Direct contact
2. Indirect contact
3. Droplet transmission
4. Airborne transmission
130
According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?
Sievert (Sv)
131
According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.
Fibre characteristics
Duration of exposure
Concentration of exposure
132
List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security.
1. HOT – where no personnel enter until a DRA determines appropriate actions and level of PPE.
2. WARM – where FRNSW conducts its operations
3. COLD – where the incident control point and support agencies are located and where the Police implement overall site control.
133
According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.
Stage 1:
Stage 2: FRNSW invloved
Stage 3:
134
According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.
1. Warn – tailored to the current situation and locality
2. Move – support, assist and move particularly vulnerable people to a safer location
3. Protect – when moving to a safe location is impossible, provide protection in whatever form necessary
135
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?
Fire Control Room (FCR)
136
SOGs state - In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.
1. Industrial complexes
2. High rise buildings
3. Health care facilities
137
According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure - When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.
Heavy duty double sided tape
138
Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multi-agency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?
Red = High Risk
Blue = Medium Risk
Green = Low Risk
139
Sexual Harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977. What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Act?
A person sexually harasses another person if—
(a) the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the other person, or
(b) the person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person,
in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.
140
According to the procedure, list the requirements regarding qualifications for a full or part change of shift.
* Must have similar qualifications.
* A Duty Commander can refuse if the replacement does not have similar qualifications
141
According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?
At least 24 hours in advance.
142
According to the FRNSW Act 1989, what is the definition of a hazardous material incident?
Hazardous material incident means and actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.
143
According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, when responding to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS, the first arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?
FRNSW
144
According to the Toolkit - Workplace Safety- Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?
May 31st
145
According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List all three.
Stand by mode
Activation mode
Deactivation mode
146
According to the workplace safety toolkit - Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?
1. SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work
2. Safety and Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022
3. Safety information and Contacts
4. Safety Representatives Template
5. FRNSW Return to Work Policy and program summary
6. First Aid Officers Template (not necessary for stations)
7. Fire Warden Template (not necessary for stations)
8. Workplace Evacuation Diagrams
9. WHS Issue Resolution Flowchart
10. Guide - NIIENM Submission Workflow
11. Commissioner's Safety Statement
147
According to Standing Orders - Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. What are two things’ firefighters should consider before entering the building?
1. intruders may still be in the building
2. a real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device
148
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what is the definition of thermal capacity?
The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.
149
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, flash fires and dust explosions are similar in conditions. Three conditions occur in both flash fires and dust explosions. Which conditions do NOT occur in both?
Dust explosion: the explosive chemical reaction must occur in a confined space.
150
A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?
1. Size of the fire
2. Size of internal openings
3. Height of the building
4. The weather
5. Type of fuel in the fire
151
At a 4th alarm industrial unit fire, the Incident Commander (IC) had assigned Sector Commanders, a Safety Officer and a Staging Officer with four pumps initially in Staging. The IC later requested an extra six firefighters and a Station Commander from Staging, but there was only one pump in Staging. Why was this error not identified?
The Staging Officer didn't advise the IC when spare resources in Staging were low, or fell below the number specified by the IC.
152
You are responding to a fire call in a Scania 320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle's brakes are operating independently and intermittently. In accordance with the Operations Bulletin 2014- 02, what actions should be taken?
The driver must slow down and alter driving behaviour.
153
According to the definitions in the STP, provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.
A hazard is anything in the workplace that has the potential to cause harm to a person. Hazards can be an object or thing; for example, an acetylene cylinder; a hazardous manual task; or the way work is done.
A risk is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard. Level of risk is dependent on severity of harm that may be caused and likelihood of harm occuring.
154
You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (IC) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for? List five.
1. Identify unsafe conditions or operations and report these to the IC (or Operations Officer if in place).
2. Correct unsafe work practices through the appropriate commander. If this affects strategy and tactics, inform the IC so that the incident action plan can be reviewed.
3. Communicate with commanders, to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented.
4. Confirm that all health and safety systems are in place – eg breathing apparatus control, rehabilitation, health monitoring.
5. Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe.
155
FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?
* Don't walk on spongy roofs this may be a sign that structural members have weakened
* Take care to prevent FFs from sliding and falling
* Exercise caution when working near electric wires.
* Ensure FFs making the opening are standing to the windward side of cut and wearing correct PPE
* Watch for indications of weaking structure or other hazards
* Apply extreme caution when using power tools
* Keep a firm footing;
* Always have a means of retreat.
156
You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. According to Part 3 Section 32 of the Fire Brigades Regulation 2014, what is your correct course of action?
A firefighter on fire duty or watch duty at the site of a fire, hazardous material incident or other emergency must—
(a) ensure a person does not enter, or interfere with or remove goods from, premises at the site unless the person establishes the person’s identity and authority to do so, and
(b) if a person unlawfully enters, or interferes with or removes goods from, premises at the site—report the person to the officer in charge at the site.
157
According to SOGs, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?
1. More fully size up the incident.
2. Directly supervise the crew.
3. Assist the crew with task level work if needed.
4. Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages.
158
Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?
1. Appropriate extinguishing agent(s)
2. What will happen, PPE and whether to dilute or contain
3. Evacuations should be considered
159
To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.
1. Starvation
2. Smothering
3. Cooling
4. Interuption of the flame chain reaction
160
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, the use of water as an extinguishing medium on ships has some disadvantages. List three of the disadvantages.
1. It is likely to damage cargo
2. It can affect a ships stability
3. It always presents a danger of flooding
161
According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.
1. Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC
2. Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows
3. Always having charged lines of hose
4. Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity
162
You are responded to an aircraft on a runway with smoke issuing from behind the piston engine. All passengers and crew are out. It is a radial engine. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, how does the fire risk of this engine compare to an in-line engine and what extinguishing medium would you use?
* A radial engine presents a greater fire risk than an in-line engine because of the ancillary equipment.
* Halon or CO2 are the most effective extinguishing mediums.
163
According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?
At least every 4 hours
164
You have been instructed to commence ventilation. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?
1. Nature and proximity of exposures
2. Size of the fire
3. Wind and weather conditions
3. Seat of the fire
5. Type of building construction
6. Presence of vertical or horizontal openings & how they may affect ventilation
165
According to SOGs, if co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?
20 minutes
166
According to SOGs, what is the definition of decontamination?
Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant.
167
During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?
* Increase the safe working distance to 25m.
* Do not engage in firefighting activities under high voltage power lines.
168
You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries?
1. double delivery
2. elbow delivery
3. standpipe delivery
169
A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks.
Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?
* The BA team did not notify the BACO when they donned their facemask and began using their air supply.
170
According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members.
1. Decontamination Officer
2. Wash Operator
3. Wash Assistant
4. Disrobe Assistant
5. Pump Operator
171
At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, what are possible signs of accelerant use?
1. characteristic burn pattern
2. indication of fire trailers
3. rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials
4. unusual odours
5. damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion.
172
You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?
* full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves
* flash hood
* SCBA
* ear plugs (which provide sufficient protection at 50 metres)
173
Under the FRNSW Act 1989, define flammable matter?
flammable matter includes—
(a) any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously, and
(b) any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition.
174
According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?
A major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997.
175
In relation to toxic chemicals, what are the four main types of military warfare agents?
1. Nerve or G Agents
2. Blister Agents or H Agents
3. Blood Agents
4. Choking Agents
176
You are first arriving Station Commander at a fire to find smoke issuing from a single level house. You have not conducted a 360° size up but have given your crew initial tasks. What actions would most assist in formally assuming command?
* Confirm via initial radio report to FireCOM that an IC is in place.
* Name command.
* Select an appropriate command position – ie fast attack or stationary
177
You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?
-Being more than 25 metres high.
-Having more than 10 levels.
178
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?
1. The seat of the fire has been located
2. Crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines
3. Backup crews are ready to enter
4. Communications have been established amongst all crews
179
You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?
The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may, for the purpose of extinguishing or controlling a fire or confining or ending the incident or rendering the site of the incident safe, without payment—
(a) take and use any water from any source on any land, and
(b) cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe.
180
FRNSW incident management is consistent with the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS). What are the key principles of AIIMS?
1. Flexibility
2. Management by Objectives
3. Functional management
4. Unity of command
5. Span of control
181
According to SOGs, Describe the term “All Clear.”
The term all clear indicates that primary and secondary searches have been completed for a compartment, location, or the entire structure, at a fire or hazmat incident. This confirms to the IC that firefighters have checked for occupants in those locations and none have been located.
182
You are the Incident Commander at a large factory fire. There are 8 pumps code 3 at the incident. According to SOGs, list two combinations could you allocate these pumps to achieve three-deep deployment?
1:2:5
2:2:4
hazard;on deck;staging
Must have same amount in staging as in hot and warm zones.
183
FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?
1. Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect
2. Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion
3. Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace
184
According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.
1. Career development
2. Operational Capability – skills and qualifications development
3. Compassionate issue / staff welfare
4. Location based transfers
5. Performance / disciplinary transfers
185
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?
The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium.
186
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains.
1. Trunk
2. Distributary
3. Reticulation
187
Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?
1. EPS melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with thermal imaging cameras (due to the insulating properties of the panels) and can spread to areas remote from the fire origin
2. Panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skins bow and open up, rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates secondary pool fires from melted EPS, and causes panels to collapse
3. There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught
4. Large volumes of toxic, thick, black, acrid smoke are produced
5. Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse
188
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are the main types of aircraft?
1. Civil
2. Military
3. Helicopters (Civil and Military)
189
According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?
A Code 6 must be transmitted:
* Immediately when it becomes apparent to the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) of an FRNSW appliance that they have received a call to an incident located within a Rural Fire District, or
* With the Code 1 (responding) message if it is known at the time of the call that the incident is in a Rural Fire District.
190
According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).
* Conduct atmospheric monitoring with a four head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking.
* Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to identify if hydrogen fire is present.
* Conduct thermal checks on the battery using a TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring within the lithium-ion battery. Increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event may be occurring. If so, use a hose stream to cool.
* Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15 m) around any hydrogen FCEV incident.
191
The operation (or non-operation) of the pressure relief valve on an LPG storage or transport container does not necessarily mean that a BLEVE is imminent. However, if the valve is operating on an LPG storage container that has no odorant and is labelled accordingly the internal pressure of the cylinder may be rising. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are indicators of a possible BLEVE?
1. Any increase in the noise level from the valve
2. Any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder
192
In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?
1. The response time for requested support
2. The requirements for relief crews and refreshments
3. Whether a change of shift might be necessary
193
You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?
(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place-
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge--
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.
194
According to the Toolkit - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces, Clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.
Straight talk
195
According to the Toolkit - Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.
Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
196
According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?
Command is only terminated when the last resource leaves the incident.
197
What are principles of situational evaluation in incident management?
• The Incident Commander (IC) must identify a set of critical factors — ie elements that, if not dealt with rapidly, could cause expansion of the incident or a threat to firefighters or others - and process them into an incident action plan (IAP).
• The IC can only deal with 3-7 critical factors at any one time. If there are more than this, consider expanding the incident structure so that delegation can occur.
• Collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene.
• Once on scene, further information is collected and rapidly evaluated via an initial size up from the vehicle. Whenever possible, the IC should collect additional information via a 360 degree size up.
• Critical factors must be communicated to FireCOM.
• The IC should continually collect information during the incident from commanders and other external sources such as onsite experts, Bureau of Meteorology, and other agencies.
• Critical factors may change rapidly as the incident evolves. The lAP must be modified as critical factors change.
• The IC's initial size up and decision-making about critical factors may need to be rapid. Once the incident is contained, the IC should take a more deliberate approach.
• Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated.
• Anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors.
These need to be communicated to the IC. Critical safety concerns can be addressed immediately if required, before informing the IC.
198
According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.
They are not intrinsically safe
199
According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?
An Incident Action Plan (IAP) is the plan developed by the IC that describes, at any one point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident.
200
According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.
The terms small, medium, large, very large and mega.
201
As stated in SOGs - Example -Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include-
* Confirmation of address.
* Conditions: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors including hazards.
* Actions: Initial incident action plan (IAP); assumption of command and naming of incident; strategy.
* Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol (ARP), or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements (FireCOM will confirm the availability of requested resources).
202
According to Standing Orders - The Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs.
Any member of the crews participating in the activity can complete the report, provided that they have direct knowledge of the information they are submitting.
203
According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?
Annually
204
According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?
1. A ‘simple’ prescribed burn is characterised by low risk, low intensity, small area,
2. A ‘complex’ prescribed burn is characterised by moderate to high risk, a range of fire intensity, lareg area.
205
According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?
1. removal of bushfire fuels
2. bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities eg Landcare on behalf of local council
3. agricultural activities.
206
According to the Bushfire hazard reduction policy - List occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.
1. TOBAN
2. EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted)
3. Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than 23**
207
According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?
Unauthorised equipment is any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the ‘Procurement Manual’. This includes equipment which has not been obtained via the Electronic Supply Catalogue (ESCAT) or through an approved Request Purchase Order (RPO).
208
When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?
1. Don’t send sensitive information across an open channel. Many non-NSWFB people monitor radio transmissions.
2. Messages containing details of injuries, fatalities or personal information should be sent by alternative means of communication such as mobile phone, GRN private call facility, or face-to-face.
3. Be sensitive to the feelings of non-operational personnel or members of the public who may overhear messages. Ensure that outside speakers on appliances are turned off if sensitive information is being sent e.g. fatalities
209
According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?
Building owner or occupier of the building
210
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?
1. Inward Adze Roll (left and right hung door)
2. Outward Adze
3. Fork Drive
211
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?
1. Size up
2. Gap
3. Set
4. Force
5. Control
212
According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?
A casualty
213
According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?
Primary Search
Secondary Search
214
According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.
Withdraw – this indicates that firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner.
Abandon – this indicates that there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety.
215
As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?
1. Worsening fire/smoke conditions
2. Emergency Radio Message signalling
3. Loss of PAR or Change to a Defensive Strategy via an order from the I.C. to Withdraw or Abandon
4. Previously unknown hazards e.g. Acetylene
5. Signs of structural collapse
216
According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?
Around the side of the body of the front firefighter and not over the shoulder.
217
According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?
It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic
218
According to the SIMS worksheet - Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.
1. Barrier tape
2. Witches hats
3. Hazard Ahead sign
219
According to the SIMS Worksheet - All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?
All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by a competent person six monthly, annually and five yearly (AS1851)
220
According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?
Mayday drag
221
According to SOGs when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care. What should you do?
* If care is refused, observe the patient until the ambulance arrives.
* Assume an unconscious patient wants assistance.
* If a patient previously refusing treatment loses consciousness, treat them.
222
According to Recommended practice - To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.
High Visibility Torso Garments;
1. Structural Firefighting Coat
2. Multi Purpose Coat
3. High Visibility Vest
4. High Visibility Rain Coat
223
According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?
The senior officer from the NSW RFS.
224
According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders.
1. Maximum number of persons on the ladder at any time is 2
2. A firefighter climbing the ladder must maintain 3 points of contact
3. A firefighter must always foot the ladder by standing on the anti-slip feet and holding rungs or handles whilst anybody is on the ladder
4. Maintain a working angle of 4:1
225
According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?
Depletion of 2 cylinders
Each wear of fully encapsulated suit
40 mins intense work without SCBA
226
According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?
1. Training
2. Doctrine
227
According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?
1. Task
2. Tactical
3. Strategic
228
Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL).
The maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15 minutes, 4 times a day over an 8 hour day with 60 minutes between exposures.
229
According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?
Incident Safety Worksheet
